316 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Imago : Head small ; front flat or a little tumid, usually protuberant below ; 

 vertex separated from the occiput by a continuous sulcation ; antennae consisting of 

 from 28 to 34 joints, very slender, thread-like, scaled, from as long as to half as long 

 again as the abdomen, the club rather distinct, long and equal, occupying from* 

 one-third to one-sixth of the whole antenna ; palpi slender, of moderate length, 

 compressed, half the palpus surpassing the face. Thorax variable, though not 

 greatly, in stoutness, never very stout, sometimes a little compressed ; posterior 

 angle of mesoscutellum well marked, acute, Forewings with internal nervure 

 obscure or obsolete ; hindwings with no precostal nervure, the costal extending 

 nearly, or quite, to the tip of the costal margin, the basal half of the inner margin 

 channelled to receive the abdomen. Forelegs of <? with naked tibial spurs and 

 sometimes a few spines, the tarsi five-jointed and armed like the forelegs. of the $ , 

 excepting that paronychia and pulvillus are wanting, and, in the place of the claws, 

 either slightly modified apical spines, or the same connate, forming a triangular, 

 slightly arcuate, median hook. Middle tibiae as short as, or shorter than, the hind 

 pair. <? genital organs : Upper organ consisting mainly of extensive lateral 

 alations, developing differently in the various groups, narrowly united at the base 

 medially, but always bearing on either side beneath a long and slender, strongly 

 bent or curved, tapering, pointed arm, the extremity of which is directed either 

 backward or jDartially upward ; intromittent organ excessively long, slender, 

 expanding at the tip ; clasps slender, generally tapering and much longer than 

 broad, usually pointed at the tip, and but slightly armed or wholly unarmed. 



Egg : Echinoid or demiechinoid in shape, much broader than high, the centre 

 of the summit usually depressed considerably ; surface pitted, generally con- 

 spicuously, with deep or shallow cells, usually bounded by rather heavy walls ; 

 micropyle often seated at the bottom of a deep and narrow depression. 



Larva (newly hatched) : Generally agreeing in the form of the body with the 

 mature larva, but with the contrasts of the summits and sides a little more 

 pronounced ; sometimes almost or quite cylindrical ; armed at the angle formed by 

 the flattened dorsal region and the sides, with a series of papillae emitting hairs, 

 some at least of which are exceedingly long, curving backwards and minutely 

 spiculiferous ; also, at the fold separating the sides from the expanded venter, with 

 a series of very numerous papillae, bearing long, straight, laterally extending 

 hairs ; on the sides one or more longitudinal rows of papillae. 



Larva (mature) : Head small, well rounded, narrower than the narrowest part 

 of the body, smooth, more or less retractile within the prothorax. Bod} 7 com- 

 paratively short and broad, onisciform, the under surface flattened, the upper 

 transversely arched, the dorsal field flattened and the sides often more or less 

 compressed ; broadly rounded in front, the 1st thoracic segment very large and 

 tumid, more sharply rounded behind, the last abdominal segment alone being about 

 as long as broad ; otherwise nearly equal or tapering slightly posteriorly ; armed 

 with no conspicuous appendages ; spiracle of the 8th abdominal segment almost 

 invariably above the line which the others follow. Legs and prolegs A r ery short 

 and small. 



Pupa : Body short, thick, plump, rounded, with rare exceptions (e.g., Feniseca) 

 entirely without angulations, excepting a very slight, blunt, elevation at the base of 

 the wings ; broadest at about the 3rd abdominal segment, tapering from there in 

 either direction, more rapidly behind than in front. Head entirely on the under 

 surface, the division between thorax and abdomen onlv slightlv marked. Both 

 extremities very bluntly rounded ; the whole lower surface straight, often much 

 flattened. Head not at all prominent, the. ocellar prominences wanting. The 

 prothorax largely developed. Wings scarcely raised above the general surface, 

 their edges not at all thickened. Mesothorax stout, not greatly elevated, but 

 broadly arched longitudinally. Metathorax large at the sides, narrow in the 

 middle. Abdomen large and stout, at first broadly arched longitudinally, in the 

 posterior half the slope falling very rapidly to the tip, which is on a level with the 

 under surface. Cremaster appressed to the body (in Feniseca only forming an 

 independent prominence), broad, the booklets (except in Feniseca) either wanting 

 or placed in a curving row at the sides and posteriorly, very slender, generally 

 rather short, the stem equal, the apical portion suddenly expanding into a trans- 

 verse slightly convex lamella bent strongly over, the apesv transverse. Attached in 

 almost any position by a girt across one of the basal abdominal segments, and 



