RUKALID.E. 317 



feebly secured behind by seizing the silken threads with the joints of the posterior 

 segments or the few booklets. 



The family is to be subdivided into at least three very characteristic 

 subdivisions, of the inter-relation of which we have, however, at 

 present, no very clear and distinct knowledge. These are the " hair- 

 streaks," the " blues," and the " coppers," which Scudder has treated 

 as tribes of equal value, giving somewhat elaborate synopses in support 

 of this view. These are based (Butts, of New England, ii., pp. 797-8) 

 on the different stages, as follows : 



Egg : — Flattened tiarate, almost as much depressed above as truncate below ; 

 central depression of summit (including, but not limited to, the micropylic pit) one- 

 fourth or more the diameter of the egg, or the whole summit fiat ; angles of cells 

 marked by prominences rising conspicuously above the general surface. 



Generally larger, the central depression (as above) covering one- 

 fourth to one-half the width of the egg, the micropylic pit generally 

 deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theclidi. 



Generally smaller, the central depression generally covering from 

 one-half to three-fourths the width of the egg, the micropylic pit com- 

 paratively shallow . . . . . . . . . . Lycjenidi. 



Domed, tiarate, much less depressed above than truncate below, the central 

 depression of the summit less than one-eighth the diameter of the egg, the whole 

 summit otherwise distinctly convex ; angles of cells without, or with, only 

 slight prominences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysophaxidi. 



Larva (newly-hatched) : — Head noticeably narrower than the body ; prothorax 

 scarcely larger than the others ; last three abdominal segments more or less fused and 

 furnished above in the centre with a large, sunken, subcircular area, in front of which, 

 on either side, is a curving series of several smooth naked papilla? Theclidi. 

 Head nearly, or quite, as broad as body ; prothorax distinctly larger than the 

 others ; 7th abdominal segment wholly free, and with no papillae besides those of 

 the longitudinal series. 



Prothorax not greatly larger than the others ; last two abdominal 

 segments fused ; uppermost range of bristles latero-dorsal, these generally 

 not much longer than width of body . . . . . . Lycjexidi. 



Prothorax generally very much larger than the others; the 8th 

 abdominal segment wholly free; uppermost range of bristles subdorsal, 

 generally almost, or quite, half as long as body Chrysophanidi. 



Larva (mature) : — Head excessively small, not one-fourth, sometimes not one- 

 sixth, the width of the body ; dorsal shield of prothorax wanting, or else covered 

 with hairs as thickly as the neighbouring parts. . . . Lycjenidi. 



Head moderately small, generally at least one-third, sometimes one-half, the 

 width of the body ; dorsal shield of prothorax distinct and naked, or clothed much 

 less abundantly with hairs than the neighbouring parts. 



Highest portion of body : segments lying behind the middle, generally 

 next the posterior edge, or, if on the middle, with the posterior slope 

 more abrupt than the anterior ; head generally smaller than in Chryso- 

 phavidi, capable of being extended two or three times its length beyond 

 the body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theclidi. 



Highest portion of body-segments at the middle, or in front of the middle 

 of the segments, the anterior slope the more abrupt ; the head generally 

 larger than in Theclidi, not capable of special extension Chrysophaxidi. 

 Pupa : — Dermal appendages formed of cylindrical spiculiferous and pointed, 

 or apically stellate, hairs. 



Dermal appendages tapering only at the tip, the spicules inclined at 

 a slight angle. Whole body shorter and stouter than in Lycaenidi, the 

 abdomen especially being very short and full, rarely more than half as 

 long again as broad . . . . . . . . . . Theclidi. 



Dermal appendages tapering throughout, or apically stellate, the 

 spicules, when present, inclined at a right angle. Whole body longer and 

 slenderer than in Theclidi, the abdomen, especially, being more elongate, 

 generally nearly twice as long as broad . . . . Lyc.enidi. 



Dermal appendages short, distinctly fungiform, without spicules Chrysophaxidi. 



Imago : — Third superior subcostal nervule of forewings simple ; under surface of 

 hindwings generally with continuous, or subcontinuous, markings Theclidi. 



