CHRYSOPHANIDI. 319 



In 1897, Grote accepted our classification with some slight modifi- 

 cations (Schmett. von Hildesheim, p. 41), and grouped the superfamily 

 as follows : 



Family : Lycenid^e. 

 Subfamily : Theclin;E. 

 Tribe : Theclini. 



Genus : Callophrys — C. rubi. 



Genus : Thecla — T. spini, T. ilicis, T. pruni, T. w-album. 

 Tribe : Zephyrini. 



Genus: Aurotis — A. quercus. 

 Genus : Zephyrus — Z. betulae. 

 Subfamily : Lycjeninje. 

 Tribe : Lycenini.. 



Genus : Lyc.eides — L. aegon. 

 Genus : Kusticus — jR. argus. 

 Genus : Nomiades — N. semiargus. 



Genus : Polyommatus — P. corydon, P. icarus, P. bellargus. 

 Genus : Lyc^ena — L. arion. 

 Genus : Cdpido — G. minima. 

 Genus : Cyaniris — G. argiolus. 

 Tribe : Chrysophanini. 



Genus : Heodes — H. phlaeas. 

 Genus : Chrysophanus — C. hippothoe, C. dorilis. 

 Family : Nemeobild^e. 

 Subfamily : Neimeobiinje. 



Genus : Nemeobius — N. lucina. 



Chapman agrees in the main with Scudder's grouping. He sug- 

 gests (in litt.) that the family falls into three very characteristic groups 

 of subfamily value (so far as the Palaearctic species go), which he calls 

 the Lycjenin.e, Chrysophanini, and Theclini, the last-named having 

 its elements more widely distinct than the others. He says that the 

 "coppers" come much nearer to the "blues" than to the "hairstreaks." 

 Callophrys rubi and Thestor hallux are unquestionable Theclids, the 

 separation between them and the other " hairstreaks " is an arbitrary 

 boundary, that between them and the "coppers" is a broad neutral 

 boundary, whose inhabitants we do not know. Lampides (boeticus) is 

 distinctly a Lycaenid allied to Everes (argiades), Celastrina (argiolus), and 

 Langia (telicanus), none of them very near each other, Lampides 

 perhaps furthest from the "blues," as typified by Agriades (corydon, 

 etc.)., i.e., judged by their genital organs; the "blues" being the more 

 generalised group. 



The habits and habitats of the butterflies included in this family 

 are exceedingly varied. The Ruralids (Theclids) appear to prefer wooded 

 districts, their larvae being largely restricted to trees and bushes for 

 food, but the "coppers " and " blues," whose larvae mostly feed on low 

 plants, are to be found in almost every conceivable situation — woods, 

 fields, downs, moors, lanes, roadsides, marshes, etc., all have their 

 particular species. So in the highest latitudes and altitudes, certain 

 species of "blues" are to be found, never coming into the lower ranges 

 of latitude, or into the valleys, but keeping to their own altitudes on the 

 edges of glaciers, where the winter is long, and summer short; 

 such are the beautiful Polyommatus pheretes, P. eras, and many other 

 species. 



Subfamily : Chrysophanini. 

 Tribe : Chrysophanidi. 



This subfamily is the Chrysophani of Hiibner (Verz., p. 72), the 

 oldest name carrying a genus with it, although the Rutili of Schiffer- 



