324 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



they can now perform. To return to the cremastral area 

 and its hooks, it is impossible to satisfy oneself as to the 

 limits of the 9th and 10th abdominal segments. On the ventral line, 

 the 7th segment is clear enough, but the 8th is so contracted and 

 fused with the 9th, that even its limits are doubtful. Except on the 

 ventral line, the posterior margin of the 8th is definite enough. 

 Within the circle it encloses, to take the specimen of C. dispar before us, 

 and specimens of E. phlaeas agree with it, we find first in the dorsal 

 half, an area much like the rest of the pupa, with buttons, ribs, and 

 trumpet-hairs, but with a small central area smooth, except for some 

 lines radiating from its centre. This has all the appearances of a scar, 

 not unlike that of the horn in Sphingids, but whether of some injury 

 or normal might be doubtful, were it not that other specimens present 

 a very similar appearance. Turning to the ventral half of the area, we 

 find it more delicate and transparent, and divided across the middle by 

 a suture, which does not, however, reach either side. The whole of 

 the area is armed with the cremastral hooks, except a portion in the 

 middle line, slightly behind the suture noted, but chiefly between it 

 and the front of the segment. In the middle of this clear area are 

 two projecting points side by side, and, running forwards from between 

 them, two fine ridges with a groove between, ending in front by widening 

 out into a rounded lappet, with a surface of extremely fine spiculations. 

 This appears to be at a different level from the portion of segment that 

 seems to overlap it from either side and carries the hooks, and one 

 might suppose this to be 9th and the hooks on the 10th, but those 

 immediately behind the surface are continuous, without intervening 

 suture. 



Scudder gives the following diagnosis of the group (Butts, of New 

 En; f land, ii., p. 970) : — 



Imago : Colour coppery. Club of antenna equal for most of its extent, rather 

 long, and very slender, being two or three times as broad as the stalk, and from 

 four to six times longer than broad. Patagia very long and slender, usually three 

 or four times longer than broad ; subcostal nervure of forewings with three superior 

 branches, the outermost forked, the nervure itself running in a direct, or nearly 

 direct, course, to just below the tip of the wing; tarsi armed beneath with frequent 

 spines, usually clustered upon the sides ; fore tarsi of the J armed at tip with a 

 single median spine, differing from the other spines only in size, and considerably 

 curved. Upper organ of g appendages formed of a deeply cleft plate, whose lateral 

 halves have the appearance of a tapering appendage, and bear at their extreme 

 base slender, elbowed laminas, directed backward ; clasps subequal, and at tip 

 bluntly rounded : intromittent organ acicular, not apically flaring. 



Egg: Tiarate, but domed, truncate beneath, but not above, the sunken portion 

 of the upper surface, together with the micropylic pit, including less than one-eighth 

 of the diameter of the egg ; the pit itself generally, but not always, moderately 

 deep ; surface either simply and finely reticulate, with a scarcely raised tracery, or 

 pitted with polygonal cells, the angles of which do not rise conspicuously above the 

 general surface. 



Larva (newly-hatched) : Head as broad as the body. Innermost dorsal bristles 

 arranged partly in a subdorsal series, one long and one short bristle to a segment 

 in each row ; infrastigmatal series with three bristles to a segment. 



Larva (adult) : Body scarcely narrower in proportion to its length than in 

 Lycaenidi, but slightly broader than in Thcclidi ; segments arched somewhat ; body 

 clothed uniformly with very short hairs, or with longer hairs arranged in transverse 

 series, sometimes springing from elevated bosses. 



Pupa : Body very variable in form (if Feniseca be included), but either not 

 forming a single uniformly contoured mass [Feniseca), or else a single, long, oval 

 mass, slenderer, and relatively lower, than in the Thcclidi, and generally more 

 elongated than in the Lycaenidi ; dermal appendages fungiform. 



