'626 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



the group. It appears that amphidamas forms a separate group 

 in its sexual dimorphism; the g, a typical "copper" butterfly, 

 suffused with violet ; the ? brown, with a marginal band of spots, 

 reminding one of Aricia astrarche. Rumicia phlaeas has the sexes 

 marked alike, but shows very characteristic difference in the outline 

 and general form of the wings. One small group, comprising thetis and 

 ochimus, presents the sexual differences noted in Chrysophanus, but, in 

 addition, under certain conditions* these species have delicately tailed ? s, 

 which appear to be confined to certain broods, and not to be found in 

 others, the tails not of the character of those of Heodes otto manna, 

 Rumicia phlaeas var. eleus, etc., but long slender extensions. similar to 

 those of Strymon (Thecla) iv-album, etc. 



Scudder says " the insects of the group are peculiar to the temperate 

 regions; south of the tropics a single species occurs in South America, 

 two or three are found in New Zealand, and large numbers in Africa, 

 though probably not appertaining to genera represented in northern 

 latitudes. The mass of the species, however, is found in the northern 

 hemisphere, and especially in the Old World. With one exception, 

 American genera are either identical with, or very closely allied to, 

 those of Europe, and this resemblance is most marked when the species 

 of the western half of the continent are compared with those of the 

 Old World." 



Genus : Kumicia, Tutt. 



Synonymy. — Genus: Rumicia, Tutt, " Ent. Bee," xviii., p. 131 (1906). 

 Papilio, Linn., "Faun. Suec," 2nd ed., p. 285 (1761); Scop., "Ent. Cam.," p. 

 184 (1763) ; Hufn., " Berl. Mag.," ii., p. 80 (1766) ; Schiff. and Denis, " Schmett. 

 Wien.," 1st ed., p. 181(1775) ; Fuess., "Verz.," no. 606 (1775); Bott., "Naturf.." 

 vi., p. 11 (1776); Bergs., "Nomen.," pi. lxv., figs. 5-6 (1780); Schneid., "Sys. 

 Besch.," p. 235 (1785); Bkh., "Sys. Besch.," L, pp. 148, 272 (1788); Brahm, 

 " Ins. KaL," p. 137 (1791) ; Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," figs. 382-3 (1798); text, p. 

 54 (circ. 1805) ; Hb., " Baupen," etc., Pap. I., Gens A. b.c, figs, la-c (circ. 1800); 

 111., " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., p. 256 (1801) ; " 111. Mag.," iii., p. 201 (1803) ; 

 Ochs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 87 (1808). [Papilio-1 Plebeius, Miiller, 

 "Faun. Frid.," p. 37 (1764). [Papilio-Plebeius-] Ruralis, Linn., " Sys. Nat.." 

 xiith ed., p. 793 (1767) ; Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 527 (1775); Goeze, " Ent. Beit.," 

 p. 41 (1780) ; Fab., " Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 126 (1781) ; " Mant. Ins.," p. 80 (1787); 

 Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 42 (1803). [Plebeius-] Ruralis, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," 

 p. 287, pi. xxii., fig. 1 (1777); pi. lx. (cont. x.), fig. 5 (1780); p. 62, pi. lxii. 

 (cont. xii.), fig. 5, p. 72 (1780). [Papilio-] Ruralis, de Vill., "Car. Linn. 

 Ent. Faun. Suec," p. 70 (1789). [Hesperia-] Ruralis, Fab., "Ent. Syst.," 

 iii., pt. 1, p. 311 (1793); Panz., " Schasffer's Icones," etc., p. 138, pi. cxliii., 

 figs. 3-4 (1804). Cupido, Schrk., "Faun. Boica," ii., p. 208 (1801). Polyom- 

 matus, Latr., "Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins.," xiv., pp. 116, 121 (1805); "Gen. 

 Crust. Ins.," p. 206 (1809); " Enc. Meth.," ix., p. 670 (1819); Godt., "Hist. 

 Nat.," i., p. 204, pi. x., fig. 1 (1821); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind.," p. 11(1829); 

 Meig., " Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 43, pi. Ii., figs. 5a-c (1830); Bdv., " Gen. et Ind. 

 Meth.," p. 9 (1840); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 134 (1843); Dup., "Cat. 

 Meth.," p. 29 (1845) ; Wallgrn., " Skand. Dagf.," p. 198 (1853) ; Speyer, " Geog. 

 Verb. Schmett., i., p. 253 (1858); Bamb., "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 35 (1858); 

 Dbldy., " Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 2 (1859) ; Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 91 (1859); 

 Snell., " De Vlind.," i., p. 64 (1867) ; Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 54 (1868) ; 

 Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 115, fig. 38 (1869); Staud., "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 9 

 (1871); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 109 (1874); Frey, "Lep. 

 Schweiz," p. 13 (1880); Lang, "Butts. Eur.," p. 95, pi. xxi., fig. 4 (1884); 

 Kane, " Eur. Butts.," p. 31 (1885); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 9, pi. vii., 

 fig. 23 (1888-91); Buhl, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," p. 217 (1895). Lycaena, 

 Fab., "111. Mag.," vi., p. 286 (1807); Leach, "Edin. Ency.," ix., pt. 1, p. 129 

 (1815); Sam., "Ent. Comp.," p. 241(1819); Curt., " Illus. Brit. Ent.," fo. 12 

 (1824); Stphs., "Illus. Brit. Ent. Haust.," i., p. 79 (1828); Freyer, " Neu. 

 Beit.," ii., p. 97, pi. 151, fig. 112 (1836); Bamb., " Faun. And.," p. 263 (1839); 



