830 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



segment being the most posterior point, the whole of the 9th abdominal segment 

 directed forwards ; the downward curve at the posterior is much more rapid than 

 at the anterior extremity of the body. Transversely the middle of the thorax is 

 well arched, the sides sloping away from each other at an angle of about 70°, with 

 a scarcely perceptible hollowing, the summit rather broadly rounded ; abdomen 

 regularly rounded' forming an almost exact semicircle. More than three-fifths of 

 the tongue exposed. Body covered equally with a very delicate tracery of slightly 

 raised lines, crossing each other irregularly, and on the wings forming elongated, 

 irregular, oval cells ; at other places there is a little wart at the intersection of the 

 lines ; the surface within these cells is not infrequently occupied in part by an 

 independent wart of similar size, giving rise to a fungiform papilla, the basal two- 

 thirds of the pedicel slender and equal, the apical third rapidly expanding to a wine- 

 glass-shaped disc, hollowed above, the horizontal edges, of which are fringed with 

 fleshy pointed cilia. Hooklets pretty long and exceedingly slender ; the stem 

 equal, straight on basal, slightly curved on apical, half ; the expanded portion fully 

 four times as broad as the stem, bent strongly over but not at all appressed to the 

 stem, as the upper portion of this is curved, transverse, the sides turned backward 

 considerably. 



Rumicia phljeas, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Species: Phlaeas, Linn., "Faun. Suec," 2nded., p. 285 (1768); 

 Mull., "Faun.Frid.,"p. 37 (1764); Hufn., "Berl. Mag.," ii.,1, p. 80 (1766); Linn., 

 " Syst. Nat.," xiith ed., p. 793 (1767); Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 527 (1775); Schiff. 

 and Den., <4 Schmett.Wien.," 1st ed., p. 181 (1775); Kott.," Naturf.," vi., p. 115 (1775); 

 Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," pi. xxii., fig. 1 (1777) ; pi'. Mi. (cont. xii.), fig. 5 (1780) ; 

 Goeze, " Ent. Beit.," p. 41 (1780) ; Bergs., " Nomen.," pi. lxv., figs. 5-6 (1780); 

 Fab., " Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 126 (1781) ; " Mant. Ins.," p. 80 (1787) ; Bkh., " Sys. 

 Besch.," i., pp. 148, 272 (1788); de Vill., "Car. Linn. Ent. Fn. Suec," p. 76 

 (1789) ; Fab., "Ent. Syst.," iii., pt. 1, p. 311 (1793) ; Lewin, "Ins. Gt. Brit.," 

 p. 86, pi. xli., figs. 3-4 (1795); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," figs. 362,363(1798); 

 p. 54 (circ*. 1805); " Baupen," etc., Pap. I., Gens A. b. c, figs, la-e (circ. 1800); 

 111., " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., p. 256 (1801); Schrk., "Faun. Boica," ii., p. 208 

 (1801) ; Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 42 (1803) ; Panz., " Schaeffer's Icon. Ins. Bat.," 

 2nd ed., pi. cxliii., figs. 3-4, p. J38 (1804); Latr., "Hist. Nat.," etc., xiv., p. 121 

 (1805) ; Fab., " 111. Mag.," vi., p. 286 (1807) ; Ochs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, 

 p. 87 (1809) ; Latr., " Gen. Crust.," etc., iv., p. 206 (1809), etc. Yirgaureae, 

 Scop., "Ent. Cam.," p. 181 in part (1763); Fuess., "Verz.," no. 606 (1775) ; 

 Harris, " Eng. Lep.," p. 2 (1775). Phleas, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," L, p. 717 (1815). 

 [N.B. — All other references mentioned under the generic synonymy [anted, pp. 

 326-327) are referable to phlaeas.} 



Original description. — Papilio phlaeas alis subangulatis fulvis 

 nigro-punctatis, subtus albo marginatis ; secundariis canescentibus. 

 [Papilio hexapus ; alis rotundatis fulvis; utrinque punctis nigris. 

 " Fn.," 807. Merian, "Gall.," t. 164. Pet., " Mus.," p. 34, no. 817. 

 Papilio minor aureus ex nigro permaculatus. Raj, "Ins.," 125, no. 

 20. Papilio parva, alis exterioribus circa margines nigricantibus, 

 media parte rufis, serici instar splendentibus, maculis longis nigris 

 pictis.] Habitat in pratis Westmannire. Descr. — Corpus sequenti 

 (yirgaureae) minus. Aire primores supra fulva? margine nigro, disco 

 punctis nigris passim confluentibus. Subtus disco luteae, punctis nigris 

 annulo albo cinctis. Secundaria? supra fuscre : postice fascia fulva 

 posterius dentata; subtus canescentes punctis parvis, fuscis ; postice 

 fascia lineari rubra. Ad angulum ani alse postica^ emarginatse sunt, 

 omnino ut in sequente (Linne, Faun. Suec, p. 285). 



Imago. — 25mm. -85mm. The forewings of a bright coppery red 

 tint, with black- brown hind margin ; a transverse row of square black 

 spots parallel to hind margin, black discoidal spot, another between 

 this and base. Hindwings brown-black, with scattered coppery scales ; 

 bright coppery-red hind margin, edged with rim of blackish spots. 



Sexual dimorphism. — Aurivillius says that the only sexual differ- 



