KUMICIA PHL.EAS. 345 



with very pale yellowish-green. The thorax is darker and tinged with ferruginous, 

 dotted and spotted with blackish-fuscous, a subdorsal pair at the highest point of 

 the mesothorax. There is a rather broad, blackish-fuscous, dorsal streak on the 

 mesothorax, and, on either side a similar dark band follows the hinder edge of the 

 mesonotum, and reaches the base of the wing ; the dorsal region of the abdomen is 

 infuscated. The lower surface is paler ; the eyes are reddish-brown ; and the 

 interspaces of the wings are mostly filled with blackish-brown streaks, darkest 

 toward the upper border. On the abdomen are many rows of roundish black dots, 

 arranged in longitudinal series, as follows : A faint dorsal row placed centrally ; 

 a faint subdorsal series placed posteriorly ; a laterodorsal series placed anteriorly ; 

 a lateral series placed anteriorly ; close to it a laterostigmatal series placed 

 posteriorly ; a stigmatal series placed posteriorly, further back than the other 

 posterior dots, and composed of two confluent dots ; an infrastigmatal series placed 

 posteriorly, and on theposterior.segments, having a companion on the anterior part 

 of the segment ; a lateroventral series placed centrally, and a double subventral 

 row. Raised lines covering the body, russet ; the short fine hairs reddish or 

 blackish; the lower equal portion of the pedicels of the fungiform papillae blackish- 

 fuscous, the discs colourless. The warts on which the papillge are mounted are 

 •0127mm. in diameter, the pedicel half that diameter, and the equal portion 

 - 47mm. long; the expanded portion is -025mm. long, and the disk -055mm. in 

 diameter. Length 9 - 5mm., height 3*5mm., breadth at thorax 3*25mm., breadth at 

 abdomen 4-25mm. Enemies. — This insect is subject to at least two hymenop- 

 terous parasites. Expecting that so common a species would have its enemies, I 

 collected a large number of eggs, laid naturally, at Norwich, Conn., in June, but 

 only one of them bad been attacked. The little parasite, Telenomus graptae, ate 

 its way through the bottom of one of the cells on the side, on June 23rd. 

 Another parasite is Ichneumon versabilis, a much larger insect, which attacks 

 the larva and emerges from the chrysalis ; one came out fifteen days after 

 pupation. Gentry asserts that it is also destroyed by the wood pewee (Con- 

 topus virens) and the night-kawk [Cliordeiles virginianus), as he has taken large 

 numbers both of the larva and imago from their stomachs. Time of appear- 

 ance. — It is double-brooded in the northern, triple-brooded in the southern, 

 parts of its range, changing in New England at about 43° 15' N. lat., but 

 with some variation, or not far north of the dividing line between the Canadian 

 and Alleghanian faunas ; throughout Maine, at least as far south as Brunswick, 

 in the White Mountain region of New Hampshire, and probably in Williamstown, 

 Mass., it is double-brooded ; it is triple-brooded throughout Massachusetts (excepting 

 perhaps in parts of Berkshire) including the elevated towns of Andover and Prince- 

 town, as well as in Albany, N.Y., and Walpole, N.H. We may perhaps add to this 

 list Milford and Dublin, N.H. and Sudbury, Vt., although in the first two localities, 

 at least, the appearance of the broods is somewhat later than in Massachusetts, 

 the dates agreeing better with those Saunders has furnished for Ontario, where 

 he believes it to be only double-brooded. In the southern, or triple-brooded districts, 

 the insect makes its first appearance from May 10th-23rd, according to the season. 

 [Dr. Harris raised one specimen from chrysalis on May 1st, but this was probably 

 under artificial conditions. He, however, reports one capture as early as March 15th, 

 and Dr. Packard another in Brunswick, Me., April 3rd, both of which seem to be 

 altogether exceptional, and the result of unusually warm weather acting upon 

 chrysalids in very favourable stations.] It becomes common in about a 

 week, and continues until about the end of the third week of June. The 

 eggs are laid during June, and, in advanced seasons, during the latter part 

 of May; after six or seven days, or if very early, as much as ten days, 

 these hatch ; the larvae become fullgrown during the latter part of June 

 and early July, and, after about ten days spent in the chrysalis, evolve 

 a new brood of butterflies. This first appears between July 5th and 10th, 

 becomes abundant by the 19th or 20th, and continues until after the 

 middle of August, sometimes until almost the end of the month. The eggs 

 are probably laid during the last week of July, and the first half of August, as 

 pairing is then common ; the earliest caterpillars become fullgrown toward the 

 middle of August, while the chrysalids continue for a longer period than in July, 

 sometimes for 19 days. The third generation of butterflies is much the most 

 abundant, and appears in the latter part of August, generally by the 26th, but, 

 sometimes, not until the early days of September ; the butterflies continue to emerge 

 from the chrysalis until the middle of September, when the brood is most abundant, 

 but it has generally entirely disappeared by the close of the month. The eggs of 



