354 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



names to distinguish them. Speiser says that examples with larger or 

 smaller albinistic patches on the wings are not rare in Prussia. Many- 

 similar pathological aberrations, in which the pigment more or less 

 fails, have been recorded in Britain as approaching ab. schmidtii, 

 etc. We do not consider ab. alba or ab. schmidtii to be pathological 

 aberrations, in the sense of those presenting pallid spots or patches in 

 an otherwise normal wing. We. have, therefore, separated such from 

 our consideration of the forms alba and schmidtii, and give here notes 

 on apparently really pathological examples : — 



(1) A c? taken August, 1904, at Tintern, has the outer portion of the left 

 forewing pallid, the pale area forming an irregular patch from the ajjex to middle 

 of inner margin, the copper colour being more affected than the black spots and 

 border ; the hindwing also, on that side, has two small whitish splashes on the 

 marginal band (J. F. Bird, in litt.). 



(2) A grey and straw-coloured cf , having one side paler than the other ; all 

 the wings very shiny and somewhat iridescent. Several other examples with 

 portions of one or more wings pallid or bleached (Sabine, Ent., xxxii., p. 284). 



(3) An aberration with the costal margin of both forewings, the outer margin 

 of the right forewing, and the marginal band of both hindwings white, the hind- 

 margin of the left forewing normal. It is, therefore, entirely bordered with white 

 except this one margin, and has a very curious appearance. Captured on railway 

 embankment at Hartlepool (Robson). 



(4) A specimen with four orange spots on forewings, and two orange spots on 

 hindwings (Harper, Ent., xxviii., p. 360). 



(5) A pale fawn-coloured aberration, taken at Worcester, July 24th, 1865 

 (Edmunds, Ent. Mo. Mag., ii., p. 236). 



(6) A specimen taken near Carlisle, in 1899, with a large bleached patch on 

 the right forewing (F. H. Day, Victoria County Hist. Cumberland). 



(7) A specimen with a white silvery blotch on each forewing at Fort Rowner, 

 Gosport, on August 16th, 1892 (Mackett, Ent., xxv., p. 288). 



(8) A partly silvery specimen taken at Benfleet, without further detail, is 

 recorded (Battley). 



(9) An example with one of the hindwings whitish (Clark, Ent., v., p. 260). 



(10) A specimen bleached to a straw-colour approaching ab. schmidtii, taken 

 near Favour Royal, co. Tyrone. Another with only one forewing of this form, all 

 the rest of the insect being normal (Kane, Ent., xxvi., p. 241). 



(11) An aberration with the outer portion of the normal copper of the fore- 

 wing bleached, and almost white, the base and disc retaining the copper hue ; 

 the hindwings normally coloured, and of the caeruleopunctata form. Capper 

 collection [Mosley, Vars. of Brit. Lep., p. 11 (1896).] 



(12) A specimen with the coppery scaling broken up by orange markings 

 (Webb, Ent., xxi., p. 133). 



(13) A bred example with one wing cream-coloured, the others the typical 

 colour (Peyerimhoff, Cat. Lep. Als., p. 23). 



(14) An abnormal specimen with the left inferior wing small and pale (Fenn, 

 Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc, 1890, p. 44). 



(15) An example taken at Beckenham, August, 1886, the left hindwing being 

 almost white (Buckstone, Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc, 1899, p. 109). 



(16) A pale creamy patch on the left forewing towards the apex, and involving 

 part of the transverse submarginal row of spots. Taken August, 1898, in Fontaine- 

 Weau Forest (Tutt collection). 



(17) A specimen from the river Malso has a light whitish-yellow spot in- 

 distinctly defined on both forewings (Schneider, Troms'6 Mux. Aarsh., xv., p. 20)1 



The following (among many other) bizarre, and unclassifiable, 

 forms have been recorded by various lepidopterists : — 



(1) An aberration, taken at Doncaster, September 3rd, J 895, the upperside 

 normal, except that the hindmarginal band of the hindwing is slightly paler than 

 usual, but on the underside of the same wing there is a large patch coloured like 

 the forewing, i.e., with black spots on a tawny ground (Corbett). 



(2) An aberration with ocellus on underside of left hindwing, similar to the 

 marginal ocelli on the underside of anterior wings. Captured in North Devon in 

 1881 (South). 



