RUMICIA PHL.EAS. 357 



Giffords Hal], Stoke-by-Nayland, October 4th, 1893 (Mathew) ; one fine 

 example taken September 9th, 1896, at Erith (Sabine) ; one with all 

 the parts usually copper-coloured, silvery-white, with a slight tinge of 

 cream at the base of the wings, taken September 18th, 1893, at 

 Hereford (Blatbwayt) ; a specimen in which the copper ground colour 

 is replaced by white, at Bristol (Allis) ; in our own collection we have 

 an example with the ground-colour white, the spots of the forewings 

 quite black, the outer marginal border brownish-black, the hindwings 

 of the same tint, the ordinary marginal copper band of the latter 

 white, like the ground colour of the forewings ; the specimen was 

 caught near Dundee, in 1886, by Kirk. Other recorded captures are 

 August, 1870, near Huddersfield (Porritt) ; a 2 , August 18th, 1872, in 

 Sherwood Forest (Birch all) ; June 20th, 1889, on Plumstead Common 

 (Dawson); August 28th, 1889, on Dartford Heath (Youens); August, 1889, 

 at Folkestone (Giles); at Croydon (Long); September 24th, 1899, at West 

 Norwood (Harley-Mason) ; September, 1901, near Paisley (Stewart) ; 

 October 11th, 1901, at York (Walker) ; August 5th, 1906, at Chingford 

 (Pether); Gregson notes [Ent., iii., p. 211) six examples in his collection, 

 with all the copper colour replaced by silver, one of which, he says, 

 is truly magnificent. Fowler notes the capture of an example of 

 ab. alba and several others approaching it, at Kingwood. Sloper 

 records the capture of a specimen, August 13th, 1901, at Martigny. 

 Of specimens of the alba form taken in Italy, Verity notes 

 (under the name schmidtii) (Ent., xxxvii., p. 57) three examples 

 taken in the neighbourhood of Florence, in September, 1901, one 

 with the marked tails of eleus, the other two slightly suffused with 

 pale coppery reflections; five also, in 1903, near Viarreggio, one pure 

 milky- white, another with metallic reflections, the third with both left 

 wings normal, the right wings of schmidtii (i.e., alba) form (ab. 

 dextroalba) ; a fourth with the forewings pure white, but the sub- 

 marginal band of hindwings copper colour (ab. anteroalba), whilst a 

 fifth is exactly the reverse of this, having the forewings of normally 

 bright colour, but the band of hindwings white (ab. posteroalba) . 

 Hering notes (Stett. Ent. Zeitg., 1840, p. 155) the capture of an 

 example, like one of those mentioned by Verity, viz., with white 

 forewings, the black markings normal, and the hindwings of the usual 

 colouring ; Gregson notes a simil&r aberration (Ent., iii., p. 211) 

 described as having "both forewings silvery, the hindwings normal." 

 In the Tugwell collection was an aberration with only one white 

 wing ; Gregson also describes (loc. cit.) another with one silver fore- 

 wing, and all the rest normal, whilst Jordan records the capture, in 

 the Visp valley, at the end of June, 1878, of an example with one 

 white forewing, the other three wings being normal. Fuchs calls 

 a pathological specimen with the inner half of left forewing whitish, 

 etc. (Stett. Ent. Ztg., 1889, pp. 249-250), ab. albicans. 



j8. ab. alba-caudata , n. ab. Phlaeas ab., Verity, "Entom.," xxxvii., p. 57 

 1904). — The ground colour white, the markings normal, as in ab. alba, but 

 the hindwings showing the distinct tails of the eleus form. 



Verity records (Ent., xxxvii., p. 57) the capture in the neighbourhood 

 of Florence, in September, 1901, an example of the ab. schmidtii (i.e. y 

 our alba) with the marked tails of eleus. 



y. ab. schmidtii, Gerh., "Beit. Schmett," p. 7, pi. x., figs. Sa-b (1853). 

 Phlaeas var., South, "Entom.," xxvi., p. 305(1893). — This beautiful and peculiar- 

 aberration of phlaeas was figured by Hubner and Esper, and is also mentioned by 



