364 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



interspaces extending nearly, or quite, to the base of the interspaces 

 (in one instance, the spot in the lower median interspace reaches only 

 halfway to the base), and that of the medio-subniedian interspace is, 

 in one instance, as long as broad. On the under surface the wings are 

 of the normal pattern." He then adds that these suffused specimens 

 are by no means excessively rare, that he has taken them himself in 

 several places in eastern Massachusetts, that Sprague has found them 

 in Wollaston (July 10th and 27th), that Edwards has a long series 

 captured in and about Readville, all in places in the vicinity of Boston, 

 where they appear to have been most frequently, or almost exclusively, 

 noticed. He adds that, " in general, the suffusion is caused by the 

 basal extension of the outer row of spots on the upper surface of the 

 front wings, which fill the whole breadth of the interspaces, often 

 barely showing a line of tawny scales along the intervening nervules. 

 In the most extreme cases there is a slight expansion externally, so as 

 to approximate the broad dark band formed by the suffusion to the 

 marginal band, but most commonly this does not occur, and usually 

 the interspaces are less completely filled from nervure to nervure over 

 the overrun ground, so that each spot is more or less wedge-shaped, 

 the apices pointing baseward, an appearance which gains in effect from 

 the actual narrowing baseward of all but the two lower interspaces in 

 which this suffusion appears. Sometimes, indeed, the suffusion is 

 reduced to a mere enlargement of the spots of the extra-mesial row 

 with a wedge-like tongue thrust a short distance baseward, occasionally 

 farther on one wing than the other ; or it may be merely indicated by 

 an enlargement of all the spots in the wing (except the mid-cellular 

 one, which is never affected by this or any other variation), with 

 scarcely, or no, sign of any special longitudinal expansion." Here it 

 is quite clear Scudder combines at least three of our forms — (1) ab. 

 maijnipuncta, the spots enlarged, but not specially lengthened ; (2) ab. 

 kochi, the spots enlarged longitudinally, and forming a transverse 

 series, without, however, any uniting with the discal spot; (3) ab. 

 extensa-conjuncta , also enlarged longitudinally, and, in addition, those 

 outside the discal spot extended sufficiently to become united thereto. 



X. ab. centriconju7icta, n. ab. — The spots of the submarginal transverse series 

 of the forewings enlarged and moved up closely to the discoidal spot, and united 

 directly therewith and with each other, forming a large and central seriated blotch 

 across the middle of the wing. 



Such an example is stated by Barrett to be in the "Webb" 

 collection ; he notes it as having " the entire centre of the forewings 

 occupied by a broad, deep, black band of coalesced spots." In this 

 aberration, instead of the discoidal spot being of normal size, to which 

 the spots directly outside are joined by their slender, extended, points, 

 as is the case in extensa-conjuncta, the outer discoidal spot itself forms 

 part of the enlarged fasciated band, often placed quite near the middle 

 of the wing. Whether Scudder's most extreme form belongs here or 

 not, is doubtful, but, as he makes no mention of the discal spot, one 

 must assume it to be present ; at any rate, it cannot be the extreme 

 ab. fasciata, in which the outer discal spot is lost. Maynard observes 

 (Butts. New Engl., p. 41) that, "in some New England specimens, 

 the margin is greatly widened, and the spots elongated, so as to form, 

 with the first spot in the central cell, a large black patch. In these 

 examples the spots on the underside are considerably enlarged." 



