KUMICIA PHLJEAS. 375 



observes the capture of some specimens, between July 81st and August 

 3rd, 1900, in the Deal district, that were uniformly dark and dusky, some 

 being very extreme. [James adds that the heat was excessive in mid- July , 

 in 1900, at the time when these examples would have been in the 

 pupal stage.] Still observes that, on Dartmoor, the examples taken 

 in lowlying situations are darker than those found on the open moor, 

 and that those taken in 1893, in spite (!) of the great drought, are 

 almost black, with no red showing at ail on the hindwings (ab. 

 obsoleta). Barrett observes that the suffused is a recurrent form, 

 occurring most frequently on open heaths, in Britain, several smoky 

 suffused specimens sometimes being taken about the same spot ; quite 

 a little colony of such were found by Mrs. Fraser in a hollow of a hill- 

 side, forming part of a heath on the borders of Surrey; he also records 

 (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 83) others of the same form, taken on a 

 boggy bank near King's Lynn. We have found this, perhaps, the 

 commonest form in the valleys of southeastern France and northern 

 Italy in July and August, e.g., at Susa, between August llth-20th, 

 1897, the species varied much in tint, some specimens (chiefly 

 females) were quite bright in tint, others intermediate, suffused more 

 particularly on the costal margin and base of the forewings, leaving 

 the discal area still brightly fulvous, others were suffused all over, with 

 the copper colour, however, showing faintly before and beyond the discal 

 and submarginal spots, but yet appearing as quite dark specimens. It is 

 difficult to separate those records of little suffused examples from those 

 rather more so, although Riihl's turanica is described as intermediate 

 between the type and var. eleus, and Fuch's transiens also is similarly 

 described. Transiens certainly falls within our suffusa, but turanica 

 appears to be a special Asiatic form presenting both upper- and under- 

 side variation racially. Fuchs observes that his transiens has the 

 colouring of the upperside of the wing approaching eleus, i.e., golden- 

 brown, with plentiful black dusting between the branches of the median 

 nervure, but never exhibits the anal tail of eleus, the most marked 

 examples never showing more than a faint indication thereof. He 

 notes, however, that it is found only in the summer brood, the spring 

 and late autumnal specimens in the mid-Rhine district being quite 

 normal. He further records the capture on July 13th, 1887, in the 

 Riesling mountain, where transiens occurred, a specimen with the fulvous 

 band of the hindwings obsolete, the forewings tending intintto^Z^.s, but 

 each with a central spot as transparent as glass. Speiser notes that, in 

 east Prussia, the majority of the examples of the second brood, in warm 

 seasons, differ from the typical specimens by the more or less strongly 

 suffused ground colour, and he notes that such forma transition to the 

 var. eleus, which, however, is also tailed on the hindwings. Real eleus, 

 he says, are rare in Germany, although occasional examples occur, but 

 the darkened form without tails are numerous. Rossler says that the 

 form occurs singly in Wiesbaden ; Schumann, that it is not rare in 

 the summer brood in Posen. We have found the form distributed 

 throughout Savoy and Piedmont, though not commonly, e.ij., St. 

 Michel de Maurienne, July 29th-August 4th, 1897 ; at Susa, August 

 llth-20th, 1897 ; Torre Pellice and Bobbie. August, 1901 ; we also have 

 examples captured at Arcachon, July, 1902; Fontainebleau, August, 

 1899 ; in Spain, at Avila, July, 1902 ; Bronchales, August, 1901 ; and 



