880 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



underside of the forewings elongated into broad black bands, almost 

 eonfluent. 



/3. ab. disco-juncta, n. ab. — The two spots in the discal cell joined so as to 

 form a distinct basal lineola. This rare aberration is reproduced in our pi. xiii., 

 fig. 13. 



7. ab. infra-radiata, n. ab. Phlaeas ab., South, "Ent.," xxvi., p. 305, fig. 2 

 (1893).— <? . In this aberration, the variation is confined to the undersurface of the 

 hindwings ; these have all the black spots well defined, including a large quadrate one 

 about middle of the costa, and an elongate one on the abdominal margin towards the 

 anal angle. Erith (South). This appears to be represented in our pi. xiii., fig. 5. 



Teratologic al examples. — The following are interesting records : — 



a. A large ? of ordinary type, minus the left fore wing, and with the left hind- 

 wing suffused much after the style of C. dispar. Bred by Sabine, September, 1904 

 {Ent., xxxvii., p. 285). 



j8. A large ? with the forewings and hindwing on the left side of ordinary 

 type, the right hindwing fully formed but much smaller than the left hindwing, 

 the marginal copper band very wide, and the colour considerably paler than that 

 of the remaining wings. Taken August, 1890, at Deal (Tutt coll.). 



Gynandromorphic examples. — The following are the only recorded 

 cases that we can trace of possible gynandromorphic specimens : — 



a. There is often considerable diversity in the vividness of colour of different 

 individuals of the same species of butterfly or moth, one being much more beautiful 

 than the other ; in the same individual, however, one wing, in general, exactly 

 corresponds with the other, its fellow ; but I once took a " small copper " in the 

 month of September, which had a very apparent difference in the colour of the 

 wings, the left forewing being much lighter on both surfaces than the right, though 

 neither was defaced in any degree (Gosse, Can. Nat., p. 220). 



Scudder considers this to be a possible case of hermaphroditism. It 

 appears, at least, very doubtful. 



(3. Left wings s ; right wings ? ; the antennae just the opposite, the longer 

 one being on the 3 side ; the wings are very distinctive (Sabine, Entom., xxix., 

 p. 315). 



Egglaying. — The eggs are laid on the upper- and undersurface of the 

 leaves of sorrel and on the stems. A $ caught in early June, 1905, laid 

 nine eggs on one large sorrel leaf, and eight on the adjoining stem (above 

 the leaf) (Eaynor). On September 7th, 1868, 1 followed a $> for more 

 than two hours over a large pasture, and saw her deposit her eggs on 

 plants of sorrel; she did not fly in the usual brisk manner of this 

 species, but only a short distance at a time, and never laid more than 

 one egg on a plant, so that I conclude, the larvae are solitary ; between 

 each two eggs that she laid, she settled frequently on some tall bent of 

 grass or other prominent post, and basked in the sun. Several other 

 2 s were observed with the following results : The egg was almost 

 invariably laid on the midrib of the leaf close to the stalk; the smaller 

 plants of sorrel were chosen on which to deposit the egg, indeed, 

 sometimes a plant with not more than three or four leaves, and those 

 not larger than threepenny pieces. On three occasions, whilst carefully 

 searching larger plants, I have found two eggs on a leaf, but, in two of 

 these cases, only one egg was laid by the same $ ; I never lost sight 

 of any particular insect I was following, and carefully avoided frightening 

 it. I noticed that the <j> s often settled on the ground, and walked some 

 distance, searching apparently for the sorrel, and, in this investigation, 

 as also in selecting a place on a leaf for the egg, they seemed to make 

 use of their antenna?, which were depressed and passed carefully 

 over the leaves (Farn). Oviposition takes place in the afternoon. 

 The female flutters over Rumex acetosella, choosing plants on 



