KUMICIA PHL^AS. 397 



eleus, worn); September 1st, 1874, on the Kock; November 20th, 1886, 

 at Gibraltar; December 3rd-24th, 1887, near San Eoque. His further 

 dates from various Mediterranean localities are — At Malta, June 29th, 

 1874, observed, July 4th, 1874, swarms (darker than in Britain), 

 July 16th, 1874 (strange dark form) ; Mahon in Minorca, August 19th, 

 1874, observed ; at Gibraltar, September 1st, 1874 ; at Tangier, 

 September 10th, 1874; at Palermo, October 30th, 1874; at Taormina, 

 Sicily, November 4th, 1874 ; at Malta, February 21st, 1875, normal 

 (not the dark summer form) ; at Leghorn, September 14th, 1875 ; 

 Vesuvius, lower slope, October 2nd, 1875 ; Malta, October 14th, 1875, 

 and April 5th, 1876, observed; September 10th, 1876, common, 

 very dark and suffused ; Port Baklar, April 14th, 1878, first 

 brood, June 11th, 1878, second brood, very dark and suffused, 

 like the Malta summer specimens ; Malta, July 3rd, 1893 (var. 

 eleus). We have only one date for Abyssinia, viz., January 3rd, 

 1902, at Fiarrer (Brit. Mus. Coll.). In northwest India, Belu- 

 chistan and the surrounding countries, the species also appears to 

 occur all the year round, e.g., it is recorded from Kandahar from 

 October to January, very common (Swinhoe) ; April and May, common, 

 also in June, abundant (Roberts), at Quetta, in September (Swinhoe). 

 One suspects that, on the Baralacha Pass, at 16060ft., where it was 

 taken in July, 1879 (Niceville), the species is single-brooded. In the 

 Western Himalayas, at Mussoorie, and, in the interior, from 5000ft.- 

 8000ft. elevation, the species is certainly on the wing from March to 

 September (McKinnon and Niceville). In Thibet, the species was 

 taken at Gyangtse, 13000ft. elevation, in June, 1904, and at Lhasa, 

 September 21st, 1904 (Walton). In the Himalayas, at Thundiani, on 

 August 24th, 1886, and September 24th, 1885 ; at Dalhousie, September 

 9th, 1891; August 7th, 1882, at 10000ft., at Huttos, also October 29th, 

 1883, at Mandi, at 4000ft. (British Museum collection) . In Mooltan there 

 is a succession of broods throughout the summer, the specimens from the 

 Punjaub all being decidedly larger than those from Upper Burmah and 

 the Shan States, where it is also very common (Manders). In the eastern 

 parts of Asia it appears to occur very much as in Europe, e.g., Fletcher 

 reports it as being abundant at Wei-Hai-Wei from April to October, 

 the species apparently triple-brooded, whilst Pryer says that it occurs 

 in Japan, at Yokohama, from March to November, whilst the capture 

 of the species, July 16th-28th, in Kamschatka, by Herz, suggests nothing 

 as to its time of appearance throughout the year. In the Pamirs it is 

 reputed to be double-brooded, one brood occurring in mid-May, the 

 other in mid-July ; it is possibly only single-brooded on the Col Beik, 

 where Grum-Grshimailo captured it at 14000ft. elevation in mid- July ; 

 a specimen in the British Museum collection is dated " July 20th, 1887 

 (Grum-Grshimailo)." In Turkestan, Fedchenko took it on April 19th, 

 1874, near Samarkand. In Asia Minor it is recorded from March to May 

 — in Cilicia, as a first, and later as a second, generation (Holtz), but 

 there appears to be little doubt from incidental records that, through- 

 out the Levant, the species is to be found pretty regularly from March 

 to November, with occasional individuals between November and 

 February. In Italy it is recorded from February to November, and 

 in the French Riviera the earliest spring examples appear in February and 

 continue until well into November ; the very early and very late examples 

 are distinctly, however, only "forwards" of the first (spring larvae) and 



