398 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



" fourth " (or winter larvae) broods respectively. Bromilow notes a 

 larva pupating at Nice, October 2nd, 1892, which gave an imago on 

 October 80th. In Germany the insect appears much as in Britain, 

 although, of course, considerable difference occurs according to latitude 

 and altitude, the general suggestion being the occurrence of two or 

 three broods in a year, thus we read — in Mecklenburg, from May to 

 October, probably in three generations (Stange) ; near Crefeld, from 

 May till October in two or three generations (Rothke), in Wiesbaden, 

 three generations, May, July, and September (Bossier) ; near 

 Frankfort-on-Main, from April to October, probably in three 

 broods (Koch), near Cassel, in several generations, throughout the 

 whole summer, in early seasons appearing already in April (Borg- 

 mann) ; near Berlin, from April to November, in several generations 

 (Bartel and Herz) ; flies from May to October, in two or three genera- 

 tions, near Chemnitz, in the kingdom of Saxony (Pabst) ; near 

 Regensburg, in May, August, and October (Schmid). Other lepidop- 

 terists suggest only two broods, each continuing for some time, e.g., near 

 Hamburg, where the insect flies in May and again from July to October 

 (Laplace) ; near Bremen from spring till autumn especially frequent 

 in late autumn (Rehberg) ; the first brood commences to appear at the 

 end of April (as early as April 18th, 1854), the second at the commence- 

 ment or middle of July, at Waldeck (Speyer) ; near Zeitz, in April- 

 May and July- September (Wilde) ; in Brandenburg, in May- June and 

 again July-September (Pfiitzner) ; near Frankfort-on-Oder, in May and 

 again in July- August (Herrmann) ; near Brieg, in Silesia, in April- 

 May and again in August- September (Doring) ; in Baden, in April-May 

 and July- October (Meess and Spuler) ; around Munich from end of April 

 till end of September (Kranz); in Hesse, from May until October (Glaser); 

 near Schwerin, May 13th- June 11th, 1904, again July 20th-August 10th, 

 when the second brood was over (Gillmer). Further interesting notes 

 from the south are as follows : In the Alpes-Maritimes, it flies almost 

 the whole year and everywhere (Milliere); March, 1866, at Malta 

 (Mathew) ; from March-May, 1866, at Rome; June, 1866, at 

 Florence; July, 1866, at Como (F. B. White); May 16th, 1872, at 

 Marseilles; June llth-17th, 1872, at Naples; July 1st, 1872, 

 at the baths of Lucca ; July 12th, 1872, at Bellagio (F. Walker) ; 

 July 9th, 1887, at Vernet (Elwes) ; very common at Turin, 

 July, 1878 (Swinton) ; May 31st, 1884, at Syracuse ; June 27th, 

 1884, at Catania ; June 30th, 1884, at iEtna ; July 23rd, 1884, at 

 Messina (also March 16th, 1884, at Messina) (Zeller, British Museum 

 Collection) ; June 5th-20th, 1890, at Digne (A. H. Jones) ; May 30th, 



1893, at Ajaccio (Standen) ; June 22nd, July 16th, August 6th, 1893, 

 in Corsica (Yerbury) ; May lst-7th, 1894, at Digne ; July 7th-17th, 



1894, at Vernet-les-Bains (Nicholson); April 10th, 1896, at Florence; 

 April 12th, 1896, at Lugano (Rowland-Brown); July 19th-23rd, 1896, 

 at Tancarville (Leech) ; March, 1897, and July 14th, 1897, at 

 Malta (Mathew) ; March, 1897, at Cannes (Chapman) ; April 16th- 

 21st, 1897, just appearing at Digne (Tutt) ; April 28th-May 10th, 1897, 

 at Hyeres (Buckmaster) ; June 18th-26th, 1897, at Fontainebleau ; 

 July 29th-August 4th, 1897, at St. Michel-de-Maurienne ; August 

 llth-20th, 1897, at Susa (Tutt) ; March 6th, 1898, at Hyeres 

 (Yerbury) ; May 5th, 1898, at Hyeres (Rowland-Brown) ; June 

 22nd, 1898, at Susa (Brown) ; July 28th-August 2nd, 1898, at 



