408 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



heaths at Newbury (Kimber), the moorlands of the western Highlands 

 (Tutt), rough stony ground edging the woods near Truro, and at 

 Weston-super-Mare (Whittaker), whilst fine bright examples occur in 

 the Isles of Bute and the Great Cumbrae (Swinton), and so on. 

 Donovan says that it is very common in almost every field and 

 meadow, delighting in sunny situations, by the hedges on roadsides, 

 much-frequented footpaths, &c. Lewin says it is abundant in almost 

 every place where grass grows. Curtis notes it as occurring almost 

 everywhere in England and different parts of Scotland, on heaths, 

 grassy commons, banks, and roadsides. Stephens says that it frequents 

 commons, pastures, roadsides, heaths, and marshy places. • In Ireland 

 it is common in woods, fields of clover and lucerne, and warm sunny 

 roadsides, etc. (Kane), and, in Guernsey, it haunts "The Gouffre," the 

 slopes of which, in April, 1 893, were covered with gorse and dog-daisies 

 (Hodges). Schneider says that, at Tromso, the butterfly inhabits most 

 difficult country, e.g., the steepest banks in the Tromsdal, its most 

 favoured haunt here being the flowering southern extremity of the island 

 of Tromso, which it shares with Polyommatus icarus, resting on the 

 flowers of Lotus corniculatus and Vicia, growing in rocky places. Above 

 the Floifjeld it was seen on July 12th, 1883, at a height of about 300. 

 metres. Although distributed over the Arctic region of Scandinavia, 

 Schneider thinks it is mostly confined to the coast districts. Strand 

 says that, in the Suldal, the species occurred very commonly on dry, 

 sun-heated, stone-covered slopes, in 1901. In France, the chosen spots 

 are much as in Britain. Along the Eiviera, the thyme-clad slopes of 

 Provence and the Esterel, the lush meadows with their spring flowers 

 lying by the sides of the turbulent water-courses, and the flower-clad 

 banks by the roadsides ; in central France the meadows and heaths on 

 the outskirts of Fontainebleau Forest open up quite new ground, as 

 also do the seaside sand-dunes on the coast of Brittany, and the sloping 

 hillsides above the lovely LacBourget, near Gresy-sur-Aix; then there 

 are also the weedy fallow-fields at Digne, and the marvellous ravine, 

 with its turbulent stream flowing into the Eaux-Chaudes; the glorious 

 flower-clad slopes in the mountain valleys of Bourg St. Maurice, and 

 the steep stony road leading to the summit of the Little St. Bernard, 

 as well as the mountain pastures 500ft. -1000ft. above ; whilst in 

 the Basses-Alpes, on the slopes, far up above the Lac d' Alios, the 

 species occurred singly, up to 8000ft., as well as on the stony slopes, 

 comparatively low down, between Alios and Colmars. In Germany, 

 it occurs from the plains to the tree limit. In the Hartz also, it 

 occurs, as well as on the higher mountains, up to the alpine region, 

 though most common from 1800ft. to 2500ft (Speyer). It is noted 

 near Liibeck on light ground (Tessmann) ; in sandy places overgrown 

 with Eumex along the eastern slope of the " Kleinen Hees," near 

 Uerdingen (Stollwerck) ; common in fields and clearings in woods 

 near Elberfeld and Barmen (Weymer) ; in dry sandy places near 

 Neuenahr and Altenahr (Maassen) ; along the borders of the Sterger- 

 wald and Willrodaerforst, on grassy slopes (Yerein Erfurt) ; in 

 meadows by roadsides and in woods at Dresden (Steinert) ; in 

 meadows and roadsides at Chemnitz (Pabst) ; in sunny dry places, 

 grassy outskirts of woods, banks by roadsides, etc., at Waldeck 

 (Speyer) ; on the roadsides near Zeitz (Wilde) ; almost all dry 

 places near Halle (Stange), and around Frankfort-on-Oder (Krets- 



