RUMICIA PHLJEAS. 409 



chmer) ; also along the sides of the dykes in the latter locality 

 (Herrmann) ; on lawns and fallow fields near Munich (Kranz) ; on 

 moorlands and mosses near Kempten (von Kolb). In Switzer- 

 land, it is widely distributed, but not generally common, except 

 south of the Alps (Wheeler). In Italy, it occurs almost every- 

 where, on the mountains, woodlands, fields, and gardens, both 

 on the mainland and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily 

 (see antea, p. 372). In the valleys of Piedmont it is often 

 particularly abundant, e.g., the flowery openings in the woodlands 

 at Torre Pellice ; the stone-covered slopes at Bobbie ; the upland 

 meadows and vineyards at Susa; the steep zigzags at Crissolo; whilst, 

 in the vineyards and gardens on the slopes above Locarno, Lugano, and 

 other delightful places, on the "lakes," it abounds. Throughout Tus- 

 cany it is to be found in gardens, fields, meadows, and woodlands, on 

 plains, hills and mountains (Stefanelli) . In Spain, it occurs on the Bock 

 at Gibraltar, as well as the neighbouring Cork woods; the sierras of 

 Albarracin ; whilst Lang notes it as being found in a small forest of gigantic 

 umbrella pines at Jerez de la Frontera, in Andalusia. In Bulgaria, 

 Mrs. Nicholl records it on broken ground in the Rilska Valley, where 

 granite blocks had rolled down from the precipices on a sheltered 

 meadow at the foot of the woods, and overgrown with all kinds of 

 flowering weeds, intersected by a tiny stream forming a sort of natural 

 rockwork. In Palestine, it loves the hot steaming pathways inter- 

 secting the meadows and vineyards ; whilst in Syria, it is found in all the 

 pine woods, covering the precipitous heights above Ain Zahalta ; it 

 haunts the wooded railway banks covered with flowering crucifers at 

 Dumar, the dry open banks being much more prolific than the woods 

 at Damascus (Graves) ; in Cilicia, it occurs in the coast districts and 

 lower hills (Holtz). Of other habitats in the mountains of India, of 

 China, and the Japanese Islands, as well as in Abyssinia and the 

 Canary and Madeira Islands, w T e have already spoken. In the Pamirs 

 it flies everywhere, but not above 4000ft., but on the Col Beik it 

 occurred at 14000ft. elevation (Grum-Grshimailo). Although occur- 

 ring throughout Mauretania and the Levant, and extending to 

 Abyssinia, it appears to miss Egypt, and Graves notes that though he 

 has collected at Cairo, Alexandria, Aboukir, the Maryut district, Port 

 Said, Helouan, Kalyub, and Gizeh, he has never seen jriilaeas, nor 

 heard of the insect as occurring there. 



Localities. — Distributed throughout the British Islands from the 

 Orkney Isles to the Scilly Isles, and from Kent to Galway. Kane 

 says that it occurs throughout Ireland, more abundant in the northern 



Counties. Aberdeen : coast districts (Esson), abundant throughout (Eeid), Alford 

 common (McLean), Pitcaple (Connon). Argyllshire : throughout (Dalglish), 

 (F. A. Walker), Kilberry (Cottingham), Tayvallich (Swinton), Port Ellen — Islay 

 (Branston- Jones). Arran and Bute : throughout— King's Cross (Dalglish), 

 Island of Great Cumbrae in the Clyde, Ettrick Bay. Ayr : through- 

 out (Dalglish). Banff (Brown). Beds: generally distributed (Barrett), Sandy 

 (Hill), Bedford (Nash). Berks: common (V. C. H.), Newbury (Kimber). Breck- 

 nock (Jeff erys). Bucks: Buckingham (Slade), Stony Stratford (Foddy), Fulmer 

 (Bird), Chalfont St. Peter's (St. John), Chilterns, common — Kimble, YVendover 

 district (Bowland-Brown). Camrridge : Wicken Fen (Bouskell), Boxworth (Thorn- 

 hill), Cambridge (Crisp), Chatteris (Ruston), Ely (Archer). Carmarthen: Llan- 

 stephan (Bingham-Newland), Laugharne (Jeff erys), common near Carmarthen 

 (Barker). Carnarvon: Llandudno district (Harding), Conway Valley (Bland), 

 Aber (Barraud). Cheshire: generally distributed and common (Day), Dela- 

 mere Forest, Beeston Castle Hill' (Arkle), Macclesfield (South). Cork: 



