414 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Batiaz, Stalden to Hiiteck (Tutt), Ziirich district (Elwe?), Brunnen (Jones), Le 

 Prese, on the Italian side of the Bernina Pass, 3000ft. elevation (F. B. White), 

 Amsteg (Lang), Neuchatel (Rowland-Brown). Turkey : Constantinople, Galli- 

 poli, Salonika (Mathew), Port Baklar, etc. (J. J. Walker). 



[Variation (continued from p. 380). — Schultz notes the two 



following minor aberrations of Rumicia phlaeas (Ent. Zeit. Guben, 



xviii., p. 134) : — ■ 



1. ab. auronitens, Schultz, " Ent. Zeit. Guben," xviii., p. 134 (1905). — Alis 

 posticis supra in basali et media area aureomicantibus. In this form the broad, 

 dark area of the hindwings is shot with a red-golden glow at the base and in the 

 central area up to the light hind-marginal band, the glow being absent in typical 

 specimens. 



2. ab. cuneifera, *Schultz, "Ent. Zeits. Guben," xviii., p. 134 (1905). — Alis 

 anticis subtus striatis = forma elongata, Schultz. The iorm with enlarged spots 

 occurs in the darker tailed autumn brood; two specimens in which the spots of 

 the central row on the underside of the forewings have a partial stripe-like and 

 partial wedge-like form ( g from Dusseldorf, $ from Corsica).] 



Genus : Chrysophanus, Hiibner. 

 Synonymy.— Genus : Chrysophanus, Hb., " Verz.," p. 72 (1816-1818); Stphs., 

 " Illus.," etc., iv., app. p. 404 (11S35) ; Humph, and Westd., " Brit. Butts.," p. 95, 

 pi. xxix., figs. 1-6(1841); Stphs., "List," p. 18 (1850); Morr., '-Hist. Brit. Butts.," 

 p. 127, pi. liv., figs. 1-5 (1853); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 55 (1857); Scudd., " Gen. Rev.," 

 p. 141 (1875); Dale, " Brit. Butts.," p. 45 (1889); Scudd., " Butts. New Engl.," ii., 

 p. 972 (1892); Barr., " Lep. Brit. Isles," L, p. 56, pi. ix., figs. 1-16 (1893) ; Leech, 

 "Butts. China," ii., p. 397, pi. xxviii., figs. 4-6 (1893-4); Meyr., "Hand- 

 book." etc., p. 346 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 149, pi. i., fig. 10(1896); 

 " Ent. Rec," viii., p. 57 (1896) ; Staud. and Reb., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 73 (1901) ; 

 Wheeler, "Butts. Switz.," p. 13 (1903); Gillm., "Ins. Borse," xxiii., p. 43 

 (1908) ; South, "Butts. Br. Isles," p. 148, pi. xcviii., figs. 1-5 11906). [Papilio- 

 Plebeius-] Ruralis, Esp., "Eur. Schmett.," L, p. 342 (1779); pi. xxxviii., fig*. 1-2 

 (1777) ; Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 40 (1803). Papilio, Lewin, "Ins. Great. Brit.," 

 p. 84, pi. xl., figs. 1-3 (1795); Don., "Brit. Ins.," p. 4, pi. ccxvii (1798); Hb., 

 " Schmett. Eur.," p. 54 (1805); pi. lxx., figs. 352-4(1799); pi. cxcv., figs. 966-8 (1833); 

 Ocbs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 77(1808). Lycaena, Leach, "Edin. Encycl.," 

 ix.. pt. 1, p. 129 (1815); Sam., "Ent. Usef. Comp.," p. 241 (1819); Curt., "Brit. 

 Ent.," fo. 12, figs. 1-3 (1824); Stphs., " Illus. Brit. Ent.," i., p. 81 (1828); 

 Stphs., "List," etc., pt. 2, p. 22 (1829); "Nomen. Brit. Ins.," p. 38 (1829); 

 Dale. "Loudon's Mag.," vii., p. 60 (1834); Freyer, " Neu. Beitr.," ii., p. 55, 

 pi. 127, figs. 1-2 (1836); Wood, "Ind. Entom.," p. 7, pi. iii- , figs, oda-b 

 (1839) ; Kirby, " Eur. Butts, and Moths," p. 55 (1879) ; "Handbook," etc., ii., 

 p. 117, pi. 1., figs. 1-3 (1896). Polyommatus, Godt., "Hist. Nat.," L, p. 200, 

 I>1. 9 sec, 5, pi. 10 sec, 3 (1821) ; Bdv., " Icones," i., p. 44, pi. x., figs. 1-3 (1832) ; 

 Dup., " Hist. Nat.," supp. i., p. 81, pi. xiii., figs. 3-6 (1832) ; "Cat. Meth.," p. 

 30 (1844) ; Staud., " Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 8 (1871) ; Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 114, 

 fig. 37 (1874) ; Lang, " Butts. Eur.," p. 90, pi. xix., fig. 4 (1881) ; Kane, "Eur. 

 Butts.," p. 28 (1885) ; Leech, " Proc Zool. Soc Loud.," p. 414, pi. xxv., fig. 3 

 (1887) ; Graes., " Berl. Ent. Zeits.," p. 75 (1888); Alph., "Rom. Mem.," v., p. 

 103 (1889) ; Horm., " Soc. Ent.," viii., p. 130 (1893) ; Caradja, " Iris," viii., p. 35 

 (1895) ; Riihl, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," i., pp. 209, 744 (1895) ; Obth., "Etudes," 

 etc., xx., p. 8 (1896). 



The genus Chrysophanus was created by Hiibner for the whole of 

 the Palasarctic " coppers," and was diagnosed (Verzeichniss, p. 72) as 



follows : — 



The wings above shining golden-red, beneath marked with black spots and 

 yellowish-red patch (band) — Gkrysophanus phlaeas, Linn., ('. timeus, Cram., G. 

 helle, Schiff. (amphidamas, Esp.), C. thersamon, Esp. (xanthe, Hb.), C. gordius, 

 Sulz., G. hyllus, Cram, (hylla, Fab.), G. hipponoe\ Esp. (lampetie, Setoff.), C. 

 chryseis, Schiff., C. eurybia, Ochs. [euridice, Hb.), (.'. virgaureae, Linn., C. 

 hippothoe, Linn., G. circe, Schiff. 



The genus, as described above, was hopelessly heterotypical, but it 



* Evidently noL so specialised a streaked form as oar ab. infra-extensa (antea 

 p. 379). 



