416 BK1TISH BUTTERFLIES. 



than the others ; claws small, not stout, compressed, tapering, considerably and 

 regularly, but not very strongly, curved ; paronychia double, each lobe fully as long 

 as the claw, equal, very slender, the superior straight, the inferior curving strongly 

 inward and forwaid ; pulvillus inconspicuous. Genital organs. — Lateral alations 

 of upper organ of male abdominal appendages pretty large, bent strongly downward 

 in the middle, divergent, leaving an U-shaped opening between their bases ; lateral 

 arms very long and slender, acicular, strongly bowed. Clasps very uniform in 

 size from base to tip. 



Egg. — Slightly more rounded above than below, the base being rather broadly 

 truncate ; cells small, those in the middle of the egg disposed with some regularity 

 in diagonal rows, the walls of irregular height, being much elevated into rounded 

 bosses at the lines of juncture. Micro pyle rosette occupying the whole floor of a 

 pretty deep infundibuliform cavity, the sides of which are abrupt. [See posted 

 pp. 439 et seq.] 



Caterpillar at birth. — The only specimens I have seen being dead, and dried 

 bodies extracted from eggs which did not hatch, I can only say that the caterpillars 

 of this genus when they first emerge resemble those of Heodes in almost every 

 particular, but that the secondary warts of the infrastigmatal row are apparently 

 absent. (See posted pp. 443 et seq.] 



Chrysalis. — Considerably more than twice as long as broad, the sides of the 

 body straight, and parallel from one extremity of the wing to the other; behind the 

 wings the abdomen, as viewed from above, is elliptical, well rounded ; in front of the 

 wings the body tapers rapidly, and has an appressed rounded front, the basal wing- 

 prominences being marked only by the angle the front part of the body makes with 

 the wings. Viewed from the side, the flat bottom has the anterior fourth raised at 

 a slight angle ; the thorax is highest, and nearly equal, on the posterior third, in 

 front of it very broadly arched, sloping about equally downward and forward. 

 Abdomen very broadly arched above, highest and very slightly higher than the 

 thorax at the 3rd and 4th segments, the last four segments curving rapidly down- 

 ward, the posterior point being at the summit of the 9th segment, below which it 

 curves forward slightly ; the downward curve at the posterior is much more rapid 

 than at the anterior end of the body. Transversely, the middle of the thorax has 

 a parabolic curve, well rounded above ; the abdomen is well arched, regularly 

 rounded, considerably higher than a semicircle. More than three-fifths of the 

 tongue is exposed. Basal wing-prominence consisting of a broad, low, rounded, 

 slight elevation, which would be scarcely noticeable but for the narrowing of the 

 anterior part of the body. Body covered equally with a very delicate tracery of 

 lines, equally raised everywhere, excepting at the points of intersection, where there 

 are minute warts ; they cross each other irregularly, forming angular, moderately 

 large, cells ; within the cells is frequently seated a large wart, giving rise to a 

 fungiform bristle, the basal three-fourths of the pedicel equal, moderately stout, the 

 apical fourth rapidly expanding to a shallow, greatly expanded, infundibuliform 

 disc, the horizontal edges of which are fringed with fleshy ciliate lobes. Hooklets 

 of cremaster rather long and slender, the stem equal, straight on basal, curved a 

 little on apical, half, the expanded portion transverse, three or four times broader 

 than the stem, curved strongly, over the apical margin nearly straight, the sides 

 strongly produced laterally, and somewhat backward. [See posted pp. 450 et seq.] 



There appear to be only three Palsearctic species belonging to the 

 genus, viz., Chrysophanus dispar, Haw., splendent, Stand., and hippothoe, 

 Linn., but these are among the most beautiful insects in the 

 Pahiearctic fauna. The species lam pan, Ld., thersamon, Esp., 

 omphale, Klug., satraps, Zell., and asabinns, H.-Sch., form another 

 closely-allied little generic group. Scudder says that there "seems 

 to be only a single species (Chrysophcinus thoe) in America, confined to 

 the eastern side of the continent." "The group," he says, "comprises 

 some of the larger ( 'hrysophanidi. The wings of the sexes differ in colour- 

 ing, though, at least in the American species, but little in form," etc. 

 The sexual difference is very marked in the Pahearctic species, the <? 

 being uniformly bright golden-red or copper, with black outer margin 

 and discoidal limule, the ? of the same tint, but with parallel rows of 

 black spots, as in the allied genera (Rumicia, Loweia, etc.), the hind- 

 wings also with a row of black spots, the undersides, especially of the 



