418 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Curt., "Brit. Ent.," fo. xii.. figs. 1-3 (1824); Sfcphs., " lllus. Haust.," i., p. 81 

 (1828) ; Dup., " Hist. Nat.," supp. i., pi. xiii., figs. 3-6 (1832) ; Bdv., " Icones," 

 L, p. 44, pi. x., figs. 1-3 (1832); Dale, "Loudon's Mag.," vii., p. 60 (1834); 

 Wood, "Ind. Entom.,"p.7,pl.iii.,figs.59«-Z/(1839); Humph, and Westd., "Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 95, pi. xxix., figs. 1-6 (1841); Dup., " Cat. Meth.," p. 30 (1844); Morr., 

 " Hist: Brit. Butts.." p. 127, pi. liv., figs. 1-5 (1853); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 55 

 (1857) ; Staud., " Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 8 (1871) ; Lang, " Butts. Eur.," p. 9, pi. xx., 

 fig. 1 (1881) ; Kane, " Eur. Butts.," p. 82 (1885) ; Graes., " Berl. Ent. Zeits.," p. 

 75 (1888); Alpb., "Bom. Mem.," v., p. 103 (1889); Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 45 

 (1889); Barr., " Lep. Brit. Isles,"' i., p. 56, pi. ix., figs. 1-lh (1893); Leech, 

 " Butts. China," ii., p. 397, pi. xxviii., figs. 4, 6 (1893-4) ; Dale, " Ent.," p. 60 

 (1894) ; Meyr., "Handbook," etc., p. 346 (1895) ; Biihl, "Pal. Gross. Sehmett.," 

 pp. 209, 744 (1895) ; Carad., " Iris," viii., p. 35 (1895) ; T.utt, " Brit. Butts.," p. 149, 

 pi. i., fig. 10 (1896); "Ent. Bee," viii., p. 57 (1896); Obth:, "Etudes," 

 xx., p. 8 (1896); Kirby, "Handbook," etc., ii., p. 117, pi. 1., figs. 1-3 (1«96) ; 

 Merrin, "Ent. Bee," xi., p. 208 (1899); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 73 

 (1901); Wheel., "Butts. Switz.," p. 13 (1903); Gillmer, "Ins. Borse," 

 xxiii., p. 43 (1906); South, "Butts. Br. Is!.," p. 148, pi. xcviii., figs. 1-5 

 (1906). Hippothoe,* Esp., "Sehmett. Eur.," p. 350 (1779); pi. xxxviii., 

 figs, la-b (1777); Fab., " Mant.," pt. 2, p. 79, in part, reference to Esper. etc. (1787); 

 Lewin, "Ins. Gr. Brit.," p. 84, pi. xl., figs. 1-3 (1795) ; Don., "Brit. Ins.," vii., 

 p. 4, pi. 217 (1798); Hb., " Eur. Sehmett.," p. 54(1*05), pi. lxx., figs. 352-4 (1799); Hb. 

 andGey., "Eur. Sehmett.," pi. exev., figs. 906-8(1833); Ochs., " Die Sehmett. ," i.,pt. 

 2, p. 77, ? 83 (1808); God., "Hist. Nat.," i., p. 200, pi. ix sec, 5, pi. x sec, fig. 3 (1821); 

 Ereyer, " Neuere Beit.," ii., p. 55, pi. 127, figs. 1-2 (1836) ; Dup., " Cat. Meth.," 

 p. 30(1844); [? Evers., " Faun. Volg. Ural.," p. 63 (1844);] Hein., " Sehmett. 

 Deutsch.," p. 89 (1859) ; Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 114, fig. 37 (1874). Rutilus, 

 Werneb., "Beitr.." i., p. 391 (1864) ; Horm., " Soc Ent.," viii., p. 130 (1893); 

 Caradja, "Iris," viii., p. 35 (1895). Auratus, Leech, " Proc Zool. Soc. Lond.," 

 p. 414, pi. xxxv., fig. 3 (1887). (See also posted, pp. 432 et seq.~] 



Original description. — Papilio Plebeiits Ruralis alis igneo- 

 cupreis puncto margineque nigris, posticis subtus pallide coeruleis 

 punctis numerosis, margineque cupreo. Habitat : Imago f. Jul. in 

 Paludibus arundinetis in comitatu Cantabrigiense ubi, certis at non 

 determinatis annis, frequens. IN ova et pulcherrima species ad 

 Anoliam ; nuper detecta a me et amicissimis meis W. Skrimshire et F. 

 Skrimshire M. D. et olim in Wallia celeberrimo Hudsono Botani- 



* In the Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii., p. 64, Mr. Butler considers that the Linnean 

 species should be C. dispar, Haw. (rvtihis, Wernb.). In my Lepidvptera Scandi- 

 navicae Rhopalocera (1853), I have already said " P . la'iypotlioc &uct., non in Suecia, 

 est repertus, quare synonymiam Linnei citatam, F.S., no. 1046, ad hanc speciem — 

 P. chryseis. W.V. — pertinere credo. Descriptio a illustr. viro, I.e., data nullam 

 differentiam praebet: — Statura P. virgaureae ut in dehcriptione Linnei dicitur cum 

 P. chryseis etiam magis cum P. hippothoe congruit." When I wrote these words, 

 the Scandinavian peninsula had been by no means so fully explored as it now is, 

 and, at that time 1 thought it not impossible that G. dispar might be found. I then 

 did not give C. chryseis its Linnean name. During the twenty-two years that have 

 since elapsed, our country has been thoroughly searched, and in no place has C. 

 dispar been found. It is, therefore, impossible that such a butterfly can have 

 escaped the observation of the numerous collectors who have since investigated the 

 peninsula. The species that Linneus described in his Fauna Suecica, should be 

 one that occurs in Sweden — "Habitat apud nos rarissime " are the words of 

 Linneus. No species other than G. chryseis has been found in Sweden to which 

 the Linnean description is applicable. Messrs. Staudin^er and Kirby are thus 

 right in giving to C. chryseis the name hippothoe of Linneus. C. di.-pur does not 

 occur in Denmark nor in Finland, but C. chryseis is found in both. In Sweden 

 and Norway C. chryseis is nowhere common, but ocurs here and there in the 

 southern and middle provinces, and I am sure it is the P. hippothoe of Linneus. 

 Dalman, in his Uppstdllning af Sveriges Fjartlar (1816), also says, concerning P. 

 hippothoe' ( — dispar) : — " anne unquam in Suecia inventahaec species? mihi num- 

 quam obvia, quare fere crediderini synon. Linnei forte ad sequentem ( = chryseis) 

 pertinere (Wallengren, Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii., p. 90). 



