434 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



from their normal position. The inner margin and the base are 

 occasionally blackened very strongly. The hindwings are of an 

 intense black-brown, only the nervures (particularly the branches of 

 the median) vivid gold-red; the red-yellow band of the outer edge is 

 broad and sharply denned ; the black spots on the hindwings are scarcely, 

 if at all, discernible from the ground colour. On the underside the 

 hindwings are light bluish-white in both sexes, and, on the forewings, 

 there are occasionally one or two black basal spots, with pale edging, a 

 feature only shown by P. amphidamas." He then says that this form 

 is, in his opinion, the typical form dispar, Haw., and adds : " The 

 smaller autumnal form appears in August and September, is 28mm.- 

 38mm. in expanse, is less vividly coloured, the row of spots on the 

 forewings being very pronounced, occasionally almost exactly as in the 

 spring form (referred to dispar), although, frequently, the spots are 

 dot-like or lengthened. The hindwings are rather grey-brown, with a 

 golden-red gloss, so that the black spots stand out more conspicuously, 

 whilst the red marginal band is less sharply defined. Many specimens, 

 however, are exactly like the spring form. The underside of the 

 hindwings is generally of a more ashy-grey tint; the basal spot is also 

 occasionally present." This form he says is rutilus, so that he 

 considers the first brood dispar and the second brood rutilus, etc. One 

 suspects that the first brood is much more likely to have been the form 

 best known to Ochsenheimer,from Germany, throughout the greater part 

 of which country the second brood is very rare and only partial. Later, 

 Hormuzaki changed his opinion, and named (Soc. Ent., viii., p. 130) 

 the spring form (referred above to dispar) vernalis, adding that Caradja 

 had told him that the large spring brood specimens of this species which 

 are common everywhere in Eoumania (e c/., Closter Neamtz, Bucharest, 

 etc.), although resembling dispar, were not that form, and he, there- 

 fore, advised him to call it var. (gen. 1) vernalis. Eiihl notes (Pal. Gross- 

 Schmett., p. 744) that three examples of dispar he examined, were not 

 larger than rutilus, but that larger examples did occur, up to at least 

 44mm. The £ , he says, "hardly differs on the upperside from rutilus, 

 whereas the 2 has a broad, black, marginal band, with all the black 

 spots very strongly developed ; the base, too, is tolerably broadly, 

 but not strongly, dusted with black, although much more con- 

 spicuously so than in rutilus. The hindwings are almost entirely 

 deep black, but the red marginal band is very broad and strongly 

 developed, whilst some of the nervures are slightly tinged with 

 red. The underside is much more strongly spotted than in rutilus, 

 the front wings also are more heavily marked, much more vividly 

 coloured, the grey of the outer margin, also, is a shade darker, 

 as well as that of the hindwings. The hindwings are not, as 

 usually noted, more dusted with blue, but, on the contrary, the £ s 

 are more faintly dusted than are those of the specimens of rutilus under 

 examination, whilst, in the $ dispar before me, there is absolutely no 

 trace of blue, but the marginal band of the hindwings is much 

 broader and more brightly coloured than in rutilus." Rebel says 

 (Ann. Nat. Jlofm. Wien., p. 180) that the second brood examples, 

 appearing in Bosnia in August, are smaller than the spring specimens. 

 Zobel also exhibited, on September 28th, 1905, at the Berl. Ent. 

 Verein, $ s of a second brood of rutilus, which, he said, had probably been 

 then bred for the first time in Berlin. Fassl is said to have bred a ? 



