444 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



It has, in this stage, a dorsal ridge on either side (carrying tubercles 

 i and ii), and lateral slopes. Its colour is green, at least, as soon as it 

 has eaten anything. The prothorax carries eighteen hairs, of which 

 six (three on each side) are on the plate, two are on the dorsum on 

 each side, two at the margin on each side, and one nearer the front 

 ("margin" in a Lycamid sense,?.?., passing across dorsum of pro- 

 thorax). Below the marginal hairs on each side is a large lenticle. 

 The hairs are 02mm. (lateral-marginal) to 04mm. (longest central) 

 long, finely spiculated, as are all the others ; the 2nd and 3rd thoracic 

 and lst-6th abdominal segments carry, on each side, i and ii as very 

 long spiculated hairs, upstanding as a crest, and curved .backwards, 

 each hair forming quite a quadrant ; they are rather shorter on the hinder 

 segments; that on i on the forward segments, measured along the curve, 

 is about 0-8mm ; iiis more slender, and is below, and a little behind, i, 

 and about 05mm. long. Each hair has a distinct base, but all four are 

 very close together, especially i and ii on the same side; tubercles i and ii 

 across the dorsum are rather wider apart on the thorax. The lateral hairs 

 (on marginal flange) are — four on each thoracic (2nd and 3rd) segment, 

 three on each abdominal down to 7th, the 8th and 9th have four, 

 say two each, but the division is not very evident ; the 10th has two 

 marginal, and three larger, hairs higher up. The marginal hairs are 

 about 0'2mm. long ; the upper ones, on the 10th abdominal, - 5mm. or 

 0-6mm. The dorsal tubercles of the 7th and 8th abdominals are — i 

 continued as in preceding segments, with ii nearly obsolete; on the 9th 

 abdominal the two tubercles i are much wider apart, and ii quite obso- 

 lete. There are a pair of large lenticles close together on each side, 

 apparently of the 10th, but probably the 9th, abdominal segment. Below 

 the lateral flange are, on the thoracic segments, two small hairs at same 

 level, and on the abdominal segments one, about halfway between flange 

 and prolegs; a little above this, on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th abdominals, 

 is a large lenticle. The true legs are quite pale and colourless, like the rest 

 of the larva. There are two fine hairs at the base of the prolegs, which 

 consist of eighteen or nineteen hooks in a circle, broken internally for a 

 length equal to about three hooks. Theclaspers have an outer row of about 

 nine hooks, and an inner set of four. There are several minute hairs 

 near the anal claspers, but above and behind each, near anus, are two hairs, 

 rather larger, about 0-08mm. long, of curious spiculate structure; before 

 the ends they swell a little and give off a number of spicules, so that 

 the last half of the hair looks like one of the compound spines of a 

 Vanessid larva. The anal margin has a fringe of very minute hairs, 

 probably really skin-points ; behind anus, and above it, to flange, is an area 

 covered with rather large skin-spicules, or skin-points, about 0'02omm. 

 long. The general surface has extremely minute rounded skin-points, 

 so small and far apart that they are like points of meeting of a network 

 formed of fine lines that connect each with its neighbours. The 

 structures existing on the " slopes " are exceedingly difficult to make 

 out clearly. On the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments there are, a little 

 lower than halfway up, at anterior border, two extremely minute hairs, 

 one above the other; behind these, rather in front of the middle of the 

 segment, is a special hair structure, with another similar one, halfway 

 between it and ii. Each is a little globular hair, hardly longer than 

 thick, covered apparently with fine spiculation, seated on a large ring 

 or hair-base, large, that is, in proportion to the length of the hair, and 

 more (but still large) in accord with its thickness. These hairs are 



