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The Carnegie Institutio 



N 



THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION 



THE Yearbook of the Carnegie Insti- 

 tution for 1907 just issued contains 

 a summary by President Woodward of 

 the five years' work of the institution, and 

 an outline of its future plans. Many im- 

 portant investigations, too expensive or 

 extraordinary for other institutions, and 

 requiring years of consecutive work, have 

 been begun. The benefits thus guaran- 

 teed to mankind cannot be measured. 



The institution expended $702,534.39 

 in 1907 out of its endowment income for 

 its projects of research and for publica- 

 tion and administration. The aggregate 

 receipts thus far from interest on endow- 

 ment, etc., have been $2,891,370.66, and 

 of this sum in six years there has been 

 disbursed $2,683,073.16. 



President Woodward gives the follow- 

 ing list of the larger projects, or depart- 

 ments of work, and of the directors 

 conducting the researches in the depart- 

 ments, or laboratories : 



Botanical Research : D. T. MacDougal 

 Economics and Sociology : Carroll D. Wright 

 Experimental Evolution : Chas. B. Davenport 

 Geophysical Laboratory : Arthur L. Day 

 Historical Research : J. F. Jameson 

 Marine Biology : Alfred G. Mayer 

 Meridian Astrometry : Lewis Boss 

 Nutrition Laboratory : Francis G. Benedict 

 Solar Observatory : George E. Hale 

 Terrestrial Magnetism : L. A. Bauer. 



To this list may be added the work in 

 horticulture carried on in the main by Mr 

 Luther Burbank, but in a supplementary 

 way also under the auspices of a com- 

 mittee consisting of the President and the 

 heads of the three departments of bio- 

 logical research. 



The minor projects and labors of re- 

 search have been alone: the lines of : 



Anthropology 



Archeology 



Astronomy 



Bibliography 



Botany 



Chemistry 



Economics 



Engineering 



Exploration 



Geology 



Geophysics 



History 



Literature 



Mathematics 



Meteorology 



Paleontology 



Philology 



Phonetics 



Physics 



Physiology 



Psychology 



Zoology 



Among the notable publications of the 

 year is No. 81, in which Director Mac- 

 Dougal gives an account of the produc- 

 tion of a new species of plant by an appli- 

 cation of chemical fluids to the parent 

 plant seeds during the period of germina- 

 tion. This remarkable achievement must 

 be regarded as one of the noteworthy ad- 

 vances in modern biology. 



In its magnetic survey of the Pacific 

 Ocean up to September 1, 1907, the 

 Galilee has traversed nearly 50,000 miles 

 in the Pacific Ocean along courses where 

 few magnetic observations have been 

 made hitherto. Complete measurements 

 of magnetic declination, dip, and inten- 

 sity were secured at intervals of 200 to 

 250 miles along these courses, as well as 

 at numerous points on islands and at 

 prominent ports. All of the results of 

 this extensive survey available in March 

 of the past year were furnished to the 

 U. S. Navy Department and incorporated 

 in a magnetic chart issued in May last 

 by that department for the benefit of 

 mariners. Important errors in previous 

 charts, amounting in cases to as much as 

 5° in magnetic declination along some 

 main routes of transportation, were thus 

 corrected. 



The Department of Economics is mak- 

 ing a study of our immigrant population. 



A JUMPING SALMON 



THE picture on the following page is 

 an enlargement of a "snapshot" 

 taken by Dr Richard D. Harlan, of The 

 George Washington University, in Sep- 

 tember, 1907, of a salmon trying to leap 

 up the falls of the River Shinn, on Mr 

 Andrew Carnegie's estate at Skibo, Scot- 

 land. The fish were about 2^ feet long. 

 On that particular day some of them 

 made the effort at frequent intervals, of a 

 minute or two, to get up the falls, which 

 were about 12 feet high. None of them 

 were successful on that occasion because 

 of the great volume of water. The fish 

 in this picture struck fully 6 feet above 

 the level of the lower stream, only to be 

 hurled back. The picture has been en- 

 larged without any retouching. 



