List of Illustrations 11 



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Figure 52 Upper Ordovician — - Middle Devonian rocks. In- . 

 dian Ladder beds (Ordovician), Brayman shale,. 

 Rondout waterlime and Manlius limestone (Silu- 

 rian) and Devonian rocks from the Coeymans 

 limestone to the Hamilton beds, Indian Ladder 



region, the Helderbergs, Albany county 387 



Figure 53 Upper Devonian rocks. Portage (Gardeau) beds in 



the Genesee gorge at Portage, Livingston county . . 398 

 Figure 54 Devonian fossils: sponge, corals, echinoderms, bryo- 



zoans 410 



Figure 55 Devonian fossils: brachiopods 412 



Figure 56 Devonian fossils: brachiopods and pelecypods 413 



Figure 57 Devonian fossils: pelecypods, conularids, pteropods. 414 

 Figure 58 Devonian fossils: gastropods, cephalopods, crustacean 416 



Figure 59 Devonian fossils: trilobites and other crustaceans 417 



Figure 60 Pennsylvanian rocks. Olean conglomerate, ' ' Rock 



City," Olean, Cattaraugus county 427 



Figure 61 Mississippian and Pleistocene fossils 429 



Figure 62 Cretaceous fossils: plants 435 



