Contents 



PAGE 



Plant and animal associations along the shore(concluded) 



Miscellaneous associations 172 



Distribution of the mollusks 178 



Literature on rocks and on conditions of life in the sea . . 181 



The formations 183 



Geologic time scale for New York State 190 



Geologic columns for New York State 192 



Precambrian eras 195 



Archeozoic and Proterozoic 196 



Geology 196 



Life 202 



Climate 203 



The Grenville series of New York 204 



Literature 210 



Paleozoic era 211 



Cambrian and Ozarkian periods 219 



Geology 220 



Life 227 



Climate 232 



New York formations 233 



Fossils 244 



Literature 247 



Canadian and Ordovician periods 248 



Geology 249 



Life 257 



Climate 263 



New York formations 263 



Fossils 295 



Literature 300 



Silurian period 300 



Geology 301 



Life 308 



Climate .' 313 



New York formations 315 



Fossils 349 



Literature 353 



Devonian period 353 



Geology 354 



Life 362 



Climate 366 



New York formations 368 



Fossils 411 



Literature 418 



Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Permian periods. 418 



Geology 419 



Life 422 



Climate 424 



New York formations 424 



Fossils 428 



Literature 430 



