Handbook of Paleontology 211 



be found in Van Hise and Leith ('09). Other papers 

 that may be consulted are Adams ('09; also in Willis and 

 Salisbury, '10; '15), Coleman ('15), Steidtmann ('15) 

 and Van Hise ('08; '09; also in Willis and Salisbury, 

 '10). A number of bulletins of the New York State 

 Museum have been written on Precambrian areas by 

 H. P. Gushing, J. F. Kemp, J. C. Martin, W. J. Miller, 

 R. Ruedemann etc. and the student who wishes to make 

 a more detailed study may find these in the Museum list 

 of publications and in Miller ('24) which is particularly 

 recommended. For the Adirondacks are also recom- 

 mended Gushing ('05) and Miller ('17). For the south- 

 eastern area of New York the reader is referred, among 

 our bulletins, to Berkey ('07, '11, '21) ; and to these may 

 be added Reeds ('25). In Hartnagel ('12) is found a 

 description and classification of the New York forma- 

 tions. For the mineral resources of New York the stu- 

 dent may consult Ailing ('18), Colony ('23), Newland 

 ('21 and previous reports) and Newland and Hart- 

 nagel ('28). 



PALEOZOIC ERA 

 The name Paleozoic {ancient life) was given by the 

 English geologist Sedgwick to the lower series of fos- 

 siliferous rocks resting unconformably upon the enor- 

 mously thick masses of igneous, sedimentary and meta- 

 morphic rocks of the Precambrian. The name is now 

 applied to all the series of rocks included between the 

 end of the Proterozoic Era and the beginning of the 

 Mesozoic Era, although fossils have been found in the 

 Proterozoic and life in the Archeozoic is indicated and 

 no doubt existed though too perishable to be preserved 

 as fossils in the metamorphosed deposits of that time. 



