Handbook of Paleontology 347 



upper two to 15 feet of limestone in the Schoharie 

 and Indian Ladder areas, long distinguished as "transi- 

 tional beds," and the so-called Manlius beds exposed 

 in the "Old Glory Hole" at Rondout are Upper Manilus 

 and Devonian (Keyser of Maryland and Virginia) in 

 age. In the Rondout and Rosendale areas the lower or 

 typical Manlius is either entirely wanting or very thin. 

 South of Rondout no Manlius (that is, the lower beds) 

 occurs. The Upper Manlius beds of western New York 

 are also considered as Keyser and Devonian (Ulrich). So 

 far as the Manlius of the eastern Helderberg region is 

 concerned a distinct, irregular unconformity has been 

 observed between the Manlius and Coeymans in the In- 

 dian Ladder region and at Catskill where Manlius pebbles 

 were found in the basal layers of the Coeymans 

 (Chadwick). 



Characteristic areas which together give a complete 

 section of the Silurian beds of New York are the 

 Niagara-Rochester areas and the Kingston area. In the 

 Niagara river area, Lewiston to Buffalo, is a most 

 typical as well as a classic section of the North Ameri- 

 can Silurian. In the mouth of the gorge near Lewiston 

 the brick-red Queenston shales are capped by the white 

 quartzose Whirlpool sandstone, above which are the red 

 shales and sandstones of the typical Medina beds (Al- 

 bion sandstone) terminated by a bed of white quartzite, 

 the Thorold quartzite, now regarded as the basal Clin- 

 ton. This quartzite is followed by a thin shale and two 

 limestone formations representing the Clinton beds and 

 with the characteristic Clinton fossils. Then comes the 

 Rochester shale, the uppermost member of the Clinton 



