Handbook of Paleontology 353 



Literature. For the general discussion of the system 

 are recommended the textbooks cited under the previous 

 chapters and Grabau ('09), Schuchert ('14) and Ulrich 

 ('11). 



For a general account and many references to New 

 York literature, see Miller ('24). Other New York 

 State publications on the various formations are : Clarke 

 ('99, '07), Clarke and Luther ('05), Clarke and Ruede- 

 mann ('03, '12), Eaton ('23), Grabau ('01, '06), Hart- 

 nagel ('03, '05, '07a, b, c, '12), Ruedemann ('16, '21, '25, 

 '30), Shimer ('05), Smith ('29), Ulrich and Schuchert 

 ('02) and Van Ingen and Clark ('03). For the Clin- 

 ton iron ore, salt and gypsum deposits consult the fol- 

 lowing New York State publications: Ailing ('28), 

 Newland ('29), Newland and Hartnagel ('08). Refer- 

 ences other than those in the Museum publications are: 

 Chadwick ('18), Grabau ('13), Kindle and Taylor ('13), 

 Prosser ('07), Schuchert ('03a, b, '14, T6) Sherzer and 

 Grabau ('09), Ulrich ('13) and Ulrich and Bassler 

 ('23a, b). 



Devonian Period 



The beds beneath the "Carboniferous" were not de- 

 termined before 1833. Beneath the coal-bearing strata 

 was a series of red sandstones and marls, and above was 

 a similar series. They were termed the Old and New 

 Red Sandstone respectively. The Old Red Sandstone is 

 typically developed in Scotland and was made widely 

 known through the work of Hugh Miller, but it was not 

 regarded as a distinct system. Sedgwick and Murchison 

 in their work in Devon and Cornwall found distinctive 

 fossils in rocks occurring between the Silurian and Car- 

 boniferous which made it apparent that they and the sim- 



