362 Nezv York State Museum 



tic) took place, and such intrusions are found in many 

 places throughout New Brunswick, in Nova Scotia and 

 southern Quebec. Igneous intrusions of Devonian age 

 also occur in Maine and possibly Vermont and New 

 Hampshire. Thin coal beds of very local distribution 

 occasionally occur in the Upper Devonian but are not 

 of commercial value. They are an indication of the 

 presence of swampy areas abounding in plants. Petroleum 

 is found quite extensively in the Upper Devonian of west- 

 ern New York and Pennsylvania in the Chemung, at or 

 near the base. A much smaller amount occurs in the 

 Portage, rarely in the Onondaga of New York. In 

 Canada the production is entirely from the Onondaga. 



Life. Four faunal provinces are represented in the 

 Devonian : the North Atlantic, the Southern or Gulf, the 

 Pacific and the Arctic. In the Appalachian and Acadian 

 areas the North Atlantic waters were dominant in the 

 Lower Devonian and here faunal relations are shown 

 with the life of northern Europe (Coblenzian fauna) in- 

 dicating the existence of a land bridge across the North 

 Atlantic affording the necessary conditions for the mi- 

 gration of the shoal-water animals. Later in the period 

 the faunal assemblages were those of the interior sea. 

 The Arctic sea with its fauna spread southward and near 

 the close of the Middle Devonian the Cordilleran sea 

 with its northern Pacific or Euro-Asiatic fauna had 

 spread eastward. By Upper Devonian times the seaway 

 through the Acadian land in the northeast was closed. 

 In almost all seas the faunas had the Euro-Asiatic 

 aspect. 



The animal life of the Devonian has the same general 

 aspect as that of the Silurian. There are many changes 



