382 New York State Museum 



Glenerie limestone has in its fauna the characteristic large 

 brachiopods and other forms of the Oriskany sand- 

 stone and with these a number of smaller forms. The 

 pteropod Tentaculites elongatus occurs, the trilobites 

 Dalmanites (Synphoria) stemmatus, Homalonotus 

 vanuxemi and Phacops logani, and the crinoids Edrio- 

 crinus sacculus and Ancyrocrinus quinquepartitus. These 

 beds also show the characteristic Taonurus cauda-galli. 

 The most characteristic fossil of the Upper Oriskany 

 limestone of Orange county is Spirifer murchisoni, hence 

 the name Spirifer murchisoni zone. Certain of the large, 

 typical Oriskany fossils (as Rensselaeria ovoides, Hip- 

 parionyx proximns) are absent from the Port Jervis re- 

 gion, which might be accounted for by depth of water 

 (Shinier '05) and there is also a persistence of Helder- 

 bergian species in this region to the beginning of the 

 Esopus. 



The Esopus shales or Esopus grit (Darton '94) was 

 named after the excellent exposures near the Esopus 

 settlement (Kingston) and along the creek of that name. 

 This is the "Cauda-galli grit" of Vanuxem ('42) so- 

 called from the abundant markings on the bedding planes 

 which resemble a rooster's tail. These shales are not 

 found west of Otsego county, but the formation is a 

 persistent one in eastern New York, New Jersey and 

 Pennsylvania. The Esopus grit is a blackish or dark 

 gray grit or sandy shale of a very uniform character 

 which readily crumbles to gravel and weathers to a 

 dark brown color. The aspect of this rock varies ac- 

 cording to the way in which the cuts are made. In cer- 

 tain cuts the surface is covered with small, cubical 

 blocks, resembling a pile of stone, but other cuts are 

 made in such a way that the rock appears very solid 



