Handbook of Paleontology 425 



red argillaceous shales, with an aggregate thickness of 

 300 to 500 feet. At the base is the Wolf Creek Conglom- 

 rate lentil (Williams '87) named from Wolf creek, Al- 

 legany county, eight miles east of Olean, which marks the 

 base of the Mississippian and is underlain by the Che- 

 mung. The pebbles in this conglomerate are mostly of 

 vein quartz and predominantly flat or discoidal. The bed 

 has a thickness varying from a few inches to 20 feet. 

 Above this are 300 to 350 feet of interbedded green or 

 bluish shales and fine-grained, greenish gray, thin-bedded 

 micaceous sandstones, with lenses of bright red shales. 

 The Wolf Creek conglomerate has a marine fauna, the 

 red shales yield few or no fossils showing that they were 

 deposited under conditions unfavorable to life. The 

 Cattaraugus beds fade to the south in Pennsylvania into 

 the Conewango beds, assuming more and more the full 

 marine facies that is characteristic farther west. Above 

 the red shale, in about the middle of the Cattaraugus for- 

 mation, occurs the Salamanca conglomerate (Carll '83), 

 named from the village of Salamanca in Cattaraugus 

 county. It varies from a hard gray sandstone to a quartz 

 pebble conglomerate with pebbles distinctly flattened and 

 has a thickness from a few inches to 40 feet. In New 

 York it is not found outside of Cattaraugus county, but 

 it has an extensive distribution in Pennsylvania. The 

 names "Panama," "Pope Hollow," "Wrightsville" and 

 "Tuna" have been applied to this conglomerate. The 

 Panama conglomerate (Carll '80) was named from its 

 occurrence at Panama, in Chautauqua county and has a 

 thickness up to 69 feet, and, while formerly correlated 

 with the Salamanca, is now believed to belong to the hori- 

 zon of the Wolf Creek conglomerate. Fifty to 70 feet 

 above the Salamanca is a third conglomerate lentil, the 



