64 A.GRIC 'ii.ri uai. .Mama:. 



being required for use in the cities, the farmers are no longer 

 supplied with these by-products, and the business of raising calves 

 and hogs has greatly decreased. As a result, most daily farmers 

 are at present raising only the hogs that are needed for their family 

 use, and comparatively few calves. 



FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 



Even before white men arrived in this country the native 

 Indians cultivated fruits and vegetables, the latter including beans, 

 squashes, pumpkins, cucumbers, and watermelons. The writings 

 of Jesuit missionaries in the last half of the seventeenth century 

 refer frequently to apples, plums, cherries, and berries of various 

 kinds-along Lake Ontario and in the St. Lawrence valley. Peaches 

 and apples are mentioned as growing near Fort Orange, or Albany. 

 Sullivan relates that in his expedition he found growing and 

 destroyed extensive orchards, one of 500 trees in Cayuga County, 

 and another in Seneca County of 15,000 trees. It is not surprising, 

 therefore, that fruit raising received considerable attention in the 

 central and western portions, as well, as in the Hudson River 

 valley, at an early date. Orchards were also cultivated on Long 

 Island. The grape industry was first«begun on an extensive plan 

 in Steuben County near Keuka Lake at about 1835. Some years 

 later it made a' rapid development in Chautauqua County along 

 Lake Erie, and has now reached immense proportions in both 

 localities. 



As the increasing growth of villages and cities brought about 

 a greater demand for vegetables, the business of gardening assumed 

 larger and larger proportions near the centers of population. 

 Potatoes were very generally raised, those produced in the north- 

 ern part of the state being largely used in the manufacture of 

 starch. The appearance of the potato bug and the blight have led 

 to. a great reduction of the crop in some sections. 



MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS 



Flax, hemp, and tobaeeo were among the early products, flax 

 being produced most largely in the counties of Rensselaer, Wash- 

 ington and Columbia. Cotton was raised to a very limited extent 

 on Lone: Island. Broomcorn was grown on the flats alone; the 



