184 Agricultural Manual 



TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS 

 The surface is principally a hilly upland, broken by the deep 

 ravines of streams. The highest points are 400 to 600 feet above 

 the valleys, and 1,300 to 1,500 feet above tide. The ridges, which 

 extend generally north and south, have steep slopes and broad, 

 rolling summits. A deep valley extending south from Seneca 

 Lake divides the highlands into two general systems. This allows 

 easy communication between the Susquehanna valley and the 

 central portion of the state. Chemung River, which nWs south- 

 east through the southern part of the county, cuts the ridges 

 diagonally. Wide, alluvial flats bordered by steep hillsides extend 

 along nearly the whole course. -Catharine Creek flows north through 

 the central valley and empties into Seneca Lake. 



The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam intermixed in some 

 places with clay. The valleys are covered with a deep rich 

 alluvium. The highlands are best adapted to pasturage. 



DESCRIPTION BY TOWNSHIPS 

 Ashland: The surface is a hilly upland broken by the deep 

 valleys of streams. The Chemung River crosses the town, receiv- 

 ing the waters of several tributaries. The soil in the valleys is 

 a fine quality of gravelly loam ; on the hills- it is of a slaty nature, 

 well adapted to the cultivation of tobacco. 



Products: Tobacco, vegetables, and" general farm crops. 

 Average values of farm land range from $15 to $100 an acre. 



Baldwtx: The surface is a hilly upland broken by the deep 

 valleys of Baldwin and \Yynkoop creeks. The soil on the hills 

 is a clayey and shaly loam underlaid by hardpan; in the valleys 

 it is gravelly loam. 



Products: Hay, buckwheat, rye, and dairy products. 

 Average values of farm land range from $10 to $50 an acre. 



Big Flats : The surface consists of a broken upland in the 

 north and south divided by a wide intervale or flat which extends 

 northeast from the Chemung River through the center of the 

 town. The soil is a slaty loam on the hills and a productive 

 gravelly loam in the valleys. 



Products: Dairv products, tobacco, wheat, buckwheat, pota- 



. oats, barley, and corn. 

 Average values of farm hind range from $10 to $300 an acre. 



