Columbia County 225 



Along Kinderhook Creek are level ilats of great fertility. Kin- 

 derliook Lake, in the northeastern part, is about four miles in 

 circumference. Valatie Kiver Hows through the northeast from 

 Kinderhook Lake and in the latter part of its course furnishes 

 several mill sites. The soil varies from a reddish sand to a heavy 

 clay interspersed with loam or gravelly clay. With the good 

 husbandry and modern methods that are practiced, and the spirit 

 of co-operation that prevails, the agriculture of this town is very 

 progressive, and many highly improved farms are in evidence. 

 Grass is a staph' product and the common varieties of fruit yield 

 rich returns. 



Products : Milk, hogs, fruit, hay, rye, oats, corn, buckwheat, 

 potatoes, and beans. 



Average values of farm land range from $50 to $100 an 

 acre. 



Livingston: The surface is somewhat hilly in the west; an 

 undulated plateau occupying the center, and the eastern part 

 broken by hills whose surfaces are generally arable. Taghkanic 

 Creek crosses the northeastern corner and Roeliff Jansen Kill 

 forms the southwestern border. Almost all of the course of this 

 last stream passes through a broad, fertile valley, but near the 

 Hudson its banks are steep and rocky. In the southern part of the 

 town are the Twin ponds. The soil is unusually fertile, varying 

 from a sandy loam to a clay, occasional ledges of limestone or 

 slate rock outcropping. 



Products: Fruit, hay, rye, oats, buckwheat, and corn. 



Average values of farm land range from $25 to $100 an 

 acre. 



Xew Lebanon: The surface contains steep hills separated by 

 broad, irregular valleys. The Taconic range separates this town 

 from Massachusetts. The hills are generally cultivated to their 

 summits and those having a southern exposure are very fertile. 

 The principal stream is Wyomanock Creek, to which a number 

 of brooks are tributary. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam 

 intermixed with clay. Medicinal herbs and garden seeds are 

 extensively cultivated. 



Products: Milk, hay, rye, and oats. 



Average values of farm land range from $20 to $50 an acre. 



