358 Agricultural Manual 



through a mountain ridge, the naked rocks rising on either side 

 to a height of 500 to 600 feet. From this point to the eastern 

 boundary of the county the river flows through a valley bordered 

 by steep, high hills. East Canada Creek, which flows into the 

 Mohawk, forms part of the eastern boundary. ^Yest Canada 

 Creek flows from Hamilton County across Herkimer and forms 

 part of the boundary between Herkimer and Oneida counties. 

 Moose, Black, and Beaver rivers, which flow northward to 

 Lake Ontario, have their sources in the northern part of the 

 county; and, while numerous lakes and ponds are found, many 

 of them are in a region that has been left largely in its primitive 

 state. 



That portion of the territory lying north of a line extending 

 east from Hinckley is covered with primary rocks — granite, 

 gneiss, feldspar, and hornblende. The same formation outcrops 

 at Little Falls. Limestone, slate, and shales 'also appear. Iron 

 appears in considerable quantities in the northern part of the 

 county, and gold and platinum are mined near Dolgeville. 



The soil is diversified; it includes sand and clay loams, alluvial 

 soil in the Mohawk valley, and in some places deep deposits of 

 drift. In the southern tier of townships Ontario types of soil 

 predominate, which are rich in lime. Much of the rest of the 

 agricultural portion of the county is a rich, dark soil derived from 

 Mohawk shale mixed with lime. 



DESCRIPTION BY TOWNSHIPS 



Columbia: The surface is rolling and moderately hilly, with 

 an average elevation of 1,400 to 1,600 feet above sea level. The 

 streams are small brooks, a portion of them flowing north to the 

 Mohawk and the remainder flowing south to the Unadilla. The 

 soil is a strong gravel ;md silt, generally fertile and rich in lime. 

 Potato growing and dairying are the chief industries. 



Products: Potatoes, alfalfa, oats, corn, and dairy products. 

 Average values of farm land range from $50 to $100. 



Danube : The surface is hilly in the center, rising 400 to 800 

 feet above the Mohawk. It is broken by ravines on each side 

 of the valley. Fine flats extend along the Mohawk on the 



