654 Agricultural Manual 



TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS 

 The surface is mostly an undulating and billy upland divided 

 into two distinct ridges by the deep valley of Seneca Lake and 

 its inlet. The highest summits are COO to 1,000 feet above the 

 lake and 1,200 to 1,600 feet above tide. A bluff 100 to 300 feet 

 high, too steep for profitable cultivation, extends along the shores 

 of the lake. Farther inland the hills are bordered by long gradual 

 slopes, arable to their summits. The extreme southern part of 

 the county assumes a more hilly and broken character. 



Catherine's Creek, which flows into the head of Seneca Lake, is 

 the principal stream. Its valley is deep, narrow, and winding, 

 and is bordered by steep hillsides 400 to 600 feet high. Along the 

 course are numerous falls, while near the mouth is a marshy 

 region of considerable extent. Al'eads Run, a tributary of Che- 

 mung River, drains the southwest corner, and Cayuta Creek the 

 southeast corner. 



The soil on the highlands is clay and gravel, principally derived 

 from the disintegration of the shales. In many places this is 

 underlaid by hardpan. In the valleys the soil is a gravelly loam 

 intermixed with alluvium. 



DESCRIPTION BY TOWNSHIPS 

 Catherine : The surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep 

 valleys of the streams. Cranberry. Creek flows through a deep 

 ravine along the northwestern border. Cayuta Lake lies in the 

 northeastern part and its outlet, Cayuta Creek, flows south into 

 the Susquehanna. The soil is principally a gravelly loam mixed 

 with clay. 



Products: Hay, beans, buckwheat, dairy products, corn and 



sheep. 

 The average value of farm land is $50 an acre. 



Cayuta : The surface is a hilly upland. Cayuta Creek flows 

 southeast through the town in a narrow valley bordered by steep 

 hillsides. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. 

 Products : Dairy products and hay. 

 Average values of farm land range from $25 to $40 an acre. 



Dix: The surface is mostly a rolling and hilly upland, the 

 summits being 700 to 1,600 feet above sea level. A little 



