Tioga County 713 



cms lateral valleys extend in a general north and south direction 

 from the river, separating the ridges and giving a great variety 

 to the surface. These valleys vary in width from a few rods 

 to a mile or more, and are generally bordered by steep declivities. 

 The summits of the hills are generally broad and rolling, although 

 in a few places they are broken and rocky. 



The principal streams are Susquehanna River and Owego, 

 Catatonic, Cayuta, Pipe, and Appalachin creeks and their 

 branches. The creeks generally have rapid currents, though few 

 waterfalls. Their valleys are usually narrow and rocky in their 

 upper courses, expanding toward the Susquehanna into broad, 

 level intervales, which are especially noted for their fertility. 



The soil in the valleys is generally a deep, rich, gravelly loam, 

 with an occasional intermixture of clay and sand. The uplands 

 are gravelly and sandy, moderately fertile. 



DESCRIPTION BY TOWNSHIPS 



P>ai:tox : The surface is generally hilly, a small portion of 

 level land lying along the southern border. The highlands on 

 the west rise abruptly from the valley of Cayuta Creek, and are 

 divided by the valley of Ellis Creek. Their summits are broad 

 and rolling, the highest points being 400 to 600 feet above the 

 river. The soil in the valleys is a rich alluvium, on the hills it is 

 a sandy or gravelly loam. 



Products: Milk, buckwheat, oats, potatoes and eggs. 

 Average values of farm land range from $25 to $G0 per acre. 



Berkshire : The surface is mostly u hilly and broken upland, 

 with an average elevation of 1,200 to 1,G00 feet above tide. The 

 streams are the east and west branches of Owego Creek and their 

 tributaries. The soil in the valleys is a sandy and gravelly loam, 

 and on the hills it is clay and hardpan. 



Products: Milk, potatoes, buckwheat, eggs and live stock. 

 Average values of farm land range from $25 to $G0 per acre. 



Candor: The surface consists of high, broad, rolling uplands 

 separated into ridges by the narrow valleys of streams, which 

 flow generally south. The valley of Catatonk Creek divides the 



