1264 The Vegetable Ijndustby in New Yoke: State 



and the little hole or vent closed at once with a drop of solder, 

 after which they should be returned to the same or another kettle 

 for their final cook or " process " of thirty-five minutes, the time 

 of process being taken from the time the kettle again starts to 

 boil after the cans are placed therein. 



When goods are removed from the kettle at the end, of the 

 thirty-five minutes a stream of water should be turned on the 

 cans to rinse and in a measure cool them. When the cans are 

 cold the ends will be found to be concave, due to the fact that the 

 air forced out by the exhausting left a vacuum when the cans 



Fig. 360. — Girls of the Neighborhood Were Called in to Help 



cooled, and the atmospheric pressure from the outside keeps the 

 ends pushed in place. If the exhausting had not been done the 

 goods would have kept just as well, but the pressure on the in- 

 side and outside would be equal when the can cooled, resulting 

 in the ends not having the finished appearance which they should 

 have, and good appearance is a great factor in marketing any 

 product. 



Of course there are many machines for performing each of the 

 several operations in canning but these machines cost money and 



