3G5 



cylinder touched the bottom, the stem of the Cylinder was worked 

 backward and forward, thus forcing th'e cylinder into the sand by its 

 own weight. When full of sand, the valves were closed and the 

 whole hoisted out. As soon as the cylinder was lifted above the 

 water, it was swung to one side, the valves opened and the con- 

 tents discharged upon the platform constructed for the men to 

 work upon. The cylinder has a capacity of seven cubic feet, 

 and, on an average, five cubic feet of sand was lifted at each time, 

 and a charge could be brought up every two minutes. The ap- 

 paratus seemed to work as well in sixteen feet of water as in shallow 

 depths. 



EXGINE AND PUMP. 



The engine is of the kind known as the Worthington duplex 

 pumping engine ; and consists essentially of two direct acting hori- 

 zontal engines by the side of each other, so connected together that 

 the motion of the one will operate the steam-valves, and change the 

 motion of the other. 



" In the ' duplex ' engine, the shock at the change of the stroke 

 is avoided by the use of two double-acting water-cylinders, and two 

 sets of steam-cylinders; the whole so combined as to form one engine, 

 delivering the water into a common air-chamber." 



" Each pump moves to the end of its stroke, and is there com- 

 pelled to rest absolutely still for as much time as will allow the 

 water-valves to seat themselves quietly, instead of sending them to 

 their seats violently by a premature motion. And as this piston 

 ceases its stroke, it communicates motion to the steam-valves of the 

 other side of the engine, so that its pump assumes the work where 

 the first laid it down, and continues it with such uniformity that the 

 indicating gauge will show scarcely any variation in the water press- 

 ure. The work requires rest from motion while the valves are 

 closing and the currents subsiding; but in the force main the upward 

 flow must be unimpaired and unbroken." 



" When we examine the engine in regard to the quantity of metal 

 in motion, we find no large masses moving, but that the power of 

 the steam, acting direct upon the steam-piston, is transmitted through 

 the piston-rod to the water-plunger, which is attached to the other 

 end of the same rod, thus acting upon the water without the inter- 

 vention of a greater mass of metal than the strains absolutely require. 

 The engine being built so as to contain all these strains within itself, 

 the foundations are smaller, and much less expensive, than those re- 

 quired for other classes of engines." 



