The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 41 



Division II. SPERM ATOPHYTA 

 Subdivision I. GYMNOSPERMAE 



10. TAXACEAE (Yew Family) 



1. Taxus (Tourn.) L. 

 1. T. canadensis Marsh. Ground Hemlock. American Yew. 



Shaded ravine banks and borders of deep swamps, on gravelly or shaly, mostly 

 neutral, soils in the humus of conifers ; frequent. Apr. 20-May 10. 



In nearly all the ravines of the basin. Some swamp stations are : s. of Caroline 

 Depot; Michigan Hollow Swamp (£).!); Larch Meadow; Ellis Hollow Swamp 

 (£).!) ; Bear Swamp (D.) ; McLean Woods; Beaver Brook. 



Newf. to Man., southw. to Va. and Iowa; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain. 



11. PINACEAE (Pine Family) 



a. Leaves clustered or alternate, narrowly linear or acicular ; fruit a dry cone. 

 b. Leaves except on leader shoots in bundles of 2 or more. 

 c. Leaves in 2's, 3's, or 5's, 7-18 cm. long, needle-like, evergreen. 1. Pinus 

 c. Leaves many in each cluster, 4 cm. long or less, deciduous. 2. Larix 



b. Leaves scattered, alternate. 

 c. Leaves 4-angled; leaf scars raised on short pedicel-like projections; buds not 



coated with resin ; cones pendent, falling entire. 3. Picea 



c. Leaves flat; leaf scars not raised on pedicel-like projections. 

 d. Buds not coated with resin, very small ; leaf scars at an angle with the twig ; 

 leaves petiolate, 8-15 mm. long; cones pendent, falling entire. 



4. Tsuga 



d. Buds coated with resin ; leaf scars even with the surface of the twig ; leaves 



sessile, 15-25 mm. long; cones erect, with persistent axis and deciduous 



scales. 5. Abies 



a. Leaves opposite or whorled, scale-like or subulate ; fruit a dry or a berry-like cone. 



b. Spray of branchlets flat ; dorsal and ventral leaves differing from the lateral 



leaves, all scale-like ; cone dry, its scales opposite. 6. Thuja 



b. Spray of branchlets not flat; leaves nearly similar, scale-like or subulate-acicu- 

 lar ; cone scales fused, somewhat fleshy, forming a blue berry. 7. Juniperus 



1. Pinus (Tourn.) L. 



a. Leaves 5 in each cluster ; cones 10-15 cm. long, subcylindrical ; scales thin, with- 

 out spiny tips. 1. P. Strobus 

 a. Leaves 2 or 3 in each cluster ; cones 3-9 cm. long, ovoid ; scales woody, thickened 

 at the apex. 

 b. Leaves in 3's, yellow-green ; cone scales with stiff recurved prickles. 



2. P. rigida 

 b. Leaves in 2's, deep rich green ; cone scales without prickles. 3. P. resinosa 



1. P. Strobus L. White Pine. 



Hills, or even swamps, on sandy or gravelly noncalcareous soils ; preferring more 

 loamy and less acid soils than the next species ; formerly abundant, still common. 

 June. 



"Once the principal forest tree over large areas in this vicinity" (£*.). This is 

 especially true on the Volusia and Lordstown soils south and east of Ithaca, where 

 the stump fences still give evidence of the abundance of this species and serve also 

 &s an indicator of its previous distribution. The tract of first-growth trees mentioned 

 by Dudley as "Signer's Woods" was lumbered about fifteen years ago. First-growth 

 trees still exist on West Hill (Riley farm) and east of the Caroline Pinnacles. 



