30 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



5. T. noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. (Asjridiurn noveboracensis (L.) Sw.) New 



York Fern. 



Damp woodlands, in rich deep humus over gravelly acid or slightly calcareous soils ; 

 common. Aug.-Sept. 15. 



West Danby ; Connecticut Hill ; Enfield Glen ; Six Mile Creek ; Ringwood ; 

 woods, McLean Bogs; BeaVer Brook; Spring Lake; and elsewhere. 



Newf. to Ont. and Minn., southw. to Ga., Ala., and Ark., including the Coastal 

 Plain. 



6. T. marginalis (L.) Nieuwl. (Aspidhtm marginale (L.) Sw.) Marginal Shield 



Fern. 



Wooded slopes, especially about the ravines, in light humus over both acid and 

 calcareous soils ; common. June 20-July. 



N. S. to B. C, southw. to Ga., Ala., Ark., Kans., and Okla. ; less frequent on the 

 Atlantic Coastal Plain. 



7. T. Goldiana (Hook.) Nieuwl. (Aspidium Goldianum Hook.) Goldie's Fern. 

 Deep, rich, mostly bottom-land woods, in humus, usually over calcareous soils; 



scarce. July-Aug. 



Edge of Michigan Hollow Swamp; Enfield Glen, below Lucifer Falls; Six Mile 

 Creek, below the Narrows and in the Amphitheater ; Taughannock Gorge ; Salmon 

 Creek, two miles n. of Ludlowville and also s. of Genoa; Paine Creek; near Stark 

 Pond. 



Cent. Me. to Minn., southw. to N. C, Tenn., and Iowa ; rare near the coast. A 

 plant of the rich soil districts of the interior. 



8. T. cristata (L.) Nieuwl. (Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw.) Swamp Shield Fern. 

 Low boggy woodlands and sedgy swamps, in both acid and calcareous soils ; 



frequent. June 25-Aug. 15. 



W. of Key Hill ; Ringwood ; Dryden Lake ; swamps of Freeville ; Mud Creek, 

 Freeville ; McLean ; Beaver Brook ; and elsewhere. 



Newf. to Sask., southw. to Va., Ky., Ark., Nebr., and Idaho, including the Coastal 

 Plain. Found also in Eurasia. Passing by insensible gradations to : 



8a. T. cristata (L.) Nieuwl., var. Clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Weatherby. 



Low boggy w r oodlands ; infrequent. June 25-Aug. 15. 



Ringwood; Etna; Fir Tree Swamp, Freeville; Mud Creek, Freeville; Malloryville 

 Bog; Townley Swamp; w. of East Genoa; Spring Lake. 



N. H. to Wis., southw. to N. C. ; rare on the Coastal Plain. 



This species hybridizes with T. marginalis and T. spinulosa including var. inter- 

 media. 



9. T. spinulosa (O. F. Midi.) Nieuwl. (Aspidittm spinulosum (O. F. Mull.) Sw.) 



Spiny-toothed Shield Fkrx. 



Damp shady woodlands, in mucky acid or rarely subcalcareous soil ; frequent. 

 June 15- Aug. 



Michigan Hollow; n. of Slaterville; w. of Dryden Lake; Ringwood Swamp; 

 Townley Swamp ; low woods w. of East Genoa ; n. of Mecklenburg. 



Lab. to the Selkirks and Idaho, southw. to Va. and Ky., though sparingly on the 

 Coastal Plain. Found also in Greenland and Eu. 



A form occurs occasionally with the segments of the upper or of all the pinnae 

 distant. 



9a. T. spinulosa (O. F. Mull.) Nieuwl., var. intermedia (Muhl.) Weatherby. 



Damp woodlands and ravine banks, in rich acid or subcalcareous humus ; very 

 common and widely distributed except on the heavier soils. June 15-Aug. 



Newf. to Wis., southw. to N. C. and Mo., including the Coastal Plain. 



