84 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



c. Spikelets oval, awnless and mostly pointless ; spicules minute or almost wanting ; 

 panicle dense, usually dark purple ; leaves, when well developed, 1.5-3 cm. 

 wide. [E. frumentacea] 



c. Spikelets elliptic-ovoid, acute or awned ; spicules more prominent ; panicle 

 open, green or purplish ; leaves 1.3 cm. wide or less. 



1. E. cms galli 

 b. Spikelets very bristly, the spicules long, stout, and spreading, those on the midrib 

 of the upper empty glume scarcely shorter; coriaceous flowering glume acute 

 or short-acuminate ; nodal hairs short. 

 c. Spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm. long, 1.8-2 mm. in diam., some of them awned; panicle 



usually open, green or purple-tinged. 2. E. muricata 



c. Spikelets 3-3.2 mm. long, 1.4—1.8 mm. in diam., awnless, rarely subulate-tipped; 

 panicle usually more contracted, usually dark chocolate-purple. 



2a. E. m., var. microstachya 

 a. Spikelets ellipsoidal, long-awned ; upper empty glume awn-pointed or short-awned ; 

 setae well developed on the branches of the spreading but densely flowered, 

 usually purple-awned, panicle ; sheaths hispid. 3. E. Waltcri 



[E. frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. Japanese Millet. Billion Dollar Grass. 

 Occasionally escapes from cultivation but does not become established. 

 Native of s. Asia.] 



1. E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. {Panicum Crus-galli, in part, of Cayuga Fl.) Barn- 



yard Grass. 



Cultivated fields, yards, and waste places, in damp rich soil ; common. July 15-Sept. 



Widely distributed, mostly in e. N. A. Naturalized from Eu. 



In the typical form a few spikelets bear short awns ; the others are awnless. 

 The form in which all the spikelets are long-awned (forma longiscta (Trin.) 

 Farwell) also is common. 



2. E. muricata (Michx.) Fernald. (See Rhodora 23:57. 1921. Panicum Crus- 



galli, in part, of Cayuga Fl.) 



Alluvial marshes and bottom lands ; frequent. Aug. 



Spencer Lake; Fall Creek, gravel bar above Forest Home and gravel in Beebe 

 Lake ; Ithaca flats, both e. and w. of the Inlet ; Etna ; Marengo ; and elsewhere. 



Me. to 111., southw. to Fla. and Okla. (N. Alex.?), including the northern Coastal 

 Plain. 



2a. E. muricata (Michx.) Fernald, var. microstachya Wiegand. (See Rhodora 

 23:58. 1921. Panicum Crus-galli, var. muticum, of Cayuga Fl.). 



Low rich grounds along river banks and in other open grassy places, often in 

 clay; frequent. July 15-Aug. 



Wet clay bank of railroad cut. East Ithaca; e. of McLean station; border of West 

 Marsh, Ithaca; Myers Point (D.) ; Krum Corners; near Union Springs (D. !) ; 

 Cavuga (D. !) ; Canoga Marshes; Howland Island; Galen; salt flats, Montezuma 

 (D.\). 



Me. to S. Dak. and Utah, southw. to Conn., N. Y., 111., and Mex; rare or absent 

 on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Found also in W. I. 



The panicles are consistently much darker (except in occasional albino forms) 

 than in the other species, except E. frumentacea. 



3. E. Walteri (Pursh) Nash. (Panicum Crus-galli, var. hispidum, of Cayuga Fl.) 

 In the larger marshes ; infrequent. Aug. 



Inlet Marshes, both e. and w. of the Inlet (D.\) ; "Cayuga Marshes, where its 

 large violet-colored panicles are very showy" (D.). 



