94 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



5. C. esculentus L. (C. phymatodes of Cayuga Fl.) Yellow Nut Grass. 



Low rich open sandy cultivated fields, shores, and waste places, preferring sand, 

 but relation to lime unknown; infrequent. Aug. 



Near Cayuta Lake; South Hill (£>.); Linn St., Ithaca (£>.); flats of Fall 

 Creek s. w. of Forest Home ; Renwick flats ; " Cayuga L. on the damp sandy points " 

 (D.) ; Salmon Creek; near Canoga Marshes. 



N. B. to Minn, and Nebr., southw. to Fla. and Tex., including the Coastal Plain, 

 and on the Pacific Coast from Calif, to Alaska. Found also in tropical Am. and 

 the Old World. 



The tubers are edible. This is a bad weed in sandy moist soils, especially in 

 potato fields, where the rhizomes penetrate the potato tubers. 



6. C. ferax Rich. (C. speciosus Vahl. C. Michauxianus of Cayuga Fl.) 



Sandy shores, in the Cayuga Lake Basin in brackish and often limy situations ; 

 locally frequent. Aug.-Sept. 



Only toward the foot of Cayuga Lake and on the Ontario plain : " Union Springs 

 and Canoga to Cayuga, and on the borders of Cayuga marshes " (D.) ; canal n. of 

 Cayuga; Hibiscus Point; Seneca River, at Howland Island; salt flats, Montezuma. 



Mass. to Minn., southw. to Fla. and Tex., including the Coastal Plain ; also in 

 Calif, and in tropical regions. 



7. C. Engelmanni Steud. 

 Sandy shores, rare. Sept. 



" On shore of Canoga marshes " (D.) ; a specimen from Union Springs in the C. U. 

 Herb, has the non-overlapping scales of this species, but the spikelets are much longer 

 and less pointed. 



Mass. to Wis., southw. to N. J. and Mo. ; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain. 



8. C. erythrorhizos Muhl. 

 Sandy shores ; rare. Aug. 



A few plants were found in 1914 on the lake shore at Renwick; not seen in recent 

 years. 



Mass. to Minn., southw. to Fla., Tex., Kans., and Calif., including the Atlantic 

 Coastal Plain. 



9. C. filiculmis Vahl, var. macilentus Fernald. 



Dry sandy hillsides and fields, in noncalcareous soils; also a weed on railroad 

 embankments ; local. July-Aug. 



Fields around the Junius bogs and ponds, fairly abundant (D. !) ; L. V. R. R. track 

 at Fall Creek, 1917-1918; East Ithaca station, 1919. Probably introduced at the two 

 last-named stations. 



Me. to Ont, southw. to Va., Ohio, and 111., including the Coastal Plain. 



2. Dulichium Pers. 

 1. D. arundinaceum (L.) Britton. (D. spathaceum of Cayuga Fl.) 



Shallow water of marshes, in boggy neutral or acid soils ; fairly common. Aug. 



Summit Marsh ; Cayuta Lake ; Dryden Lake ; Chicago Bog ; Junius bogs ; Duck 

 Lake ; and elsewhere. 



Newf. to Wash., southw. to Fla. and Tex., including the Atlantic Coastal Plain. 



3. Eleocharis R. Br. 8 

 a. Spikelets 2-5 cm. long ; scales very broad, pale, obtuse ; culms tall, sharply 4-angled. 



1. E. quadrangulata 

 a. Spikelets 1.8 cm. long or less; scales broad or narrow; culms, if tall, terete. 

 b. Achenes lenticular, smooth and glossy or slightly cellular ; styles 2-cleft. 



6 Commonly called Spike Rush. 



