100 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



12. S. atrovirens Muhl. 



Ditches, meadows, and marshes, in heavy or light soil, often but not always in the 

 presence of lime ; common. July. 



Me. to Sask., southw. to Ga. and Mo., including the Coastal Plain. 



12a. S. atrovirens Muhl., var. georgianus (Harper) Fernald. (See Rhodora 23: 

 134. 1921. 6". georgianus Harper.) 



Low fields, meadows, and marshes, in somewhat drier and less mucky situations; 

 very common. July. 



Newf. to Mich., southw. to Ga. and Ark., probably including the Coastal Plain. 



After a thorough study of a large amount of material, both local and general, 

 it seems impossible to support S. georgianus as a species. The form appears to be 

 simply a small extreme of S. atrovirens — smaller in stature, breadth of leaf, size 

 of inflorescence, glomerules, spikelets, and scales — and a continuous series bridges 

 over the gap between these extremes. The larger forms always have the more 

 nodulose sheaths, and bristles equaling the achene ; while the smaller forms have 

 nearly smooth sheaths, and bristles usually shorter than the achene or wanting, though 

 in some cases the bristles may be as long as the achene. The shape of the achene 

 varies in both forms through the same range of outline. The coarser forms inhabit 

 richer and wetter soils, and this may be an important factor in creating the morpho- 

 logical differences. 



13. S. polyphyllus Vahl. 



Springy meadows, apparently in limy soils ; rare. July-Aug. 



White Church valley (£>.) ; springy pasture n. w. of Caroline Center (K. M. IV., 

 A. J. E., & L. F. Randolph); w. side of Ball Hill, Danby; Larch Meadow (£>.!) ; 

 springy hillside e. of Cayutaville. 



W. N. E. to Minn., southw. to Ga. and Ark., but probably not on the Coastal Plain. 



14. S. lineatus Michx. 



Damp or wet sandy, or sandy and clayey, usually somewhat calcareous, soils ; 

 frequent. June 20-July. 



N. e. and n. w. of Freeville, abundant, often completely occupying the fields ; lower 

 Mud Creek, Freeville; n. of McLean Bogs; Cayutaville; clay field s. of Waterburg; 

 n. of Jacksonville (D.) ; Taughannock, above and below the falls and on the point 

 (£>.!); Paine Creek (£>.!) ; Utt Point; "Genoa, by R. R." (£>.); Big Gully and 

 Big Gully Point; marly moor of Vandemark Pond; Montezuma; s. of Duck Lake. 



Ont. and N. H. to Ga., also Kans., Tex., and Oreg. ; scarce on the Atlantic Coastal 

 Plain. 



15. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool Grass. 

 Low grounds; common. Aug. (10) 15-Oct. 17. 

 Range, as the species is here interpreted, not determined. 



Knowledge of this group of the genus Scirpus is in a very unsatisfactory con- 

 dition. The treatments in Gray's Manual and in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora 

 do not satisfactorily account for the local forms. The treatment here proposed is 

 temporary and is based chiefly on local and New York State material. The color 

 of the inflorescence does not seem to be of fundamental importance. Dudley's S. 

 Eriophorum and var. cyperinus apparently included this species and the following 

 two varieties. 



15a. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth, var. — . 



Boggy soil ; occasional or frequent. 



Fleming Meadow (involucels reddish) ; Ringwood; Mud Creek, Freeville; McLean 

 Bogs; near Benson Corners; s. w. of Spring Lake (involucels reddish). 



N. Y., N. J., and elsewhere; range not definitely known. 



