The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 149 



|T. declinatum (Gray) Gleason. 



Alluvial bottom lands and rich woods. May 15-June 20. 



Cent. N. Y. to. s. Minn., southw. to Mo. 



This species, which is closely related to T. cernuum, has been found in Monroe 

 Co., N. Y. (M. S. Baxter, K. M. W '., & others), and as far east as Wayne Co. 

 (Hankenson, 1879). This latter station is on the border of the Cayuga Lake Basin, 

 and the plant very likely will be found farther east within the limits of the flora. 

 Hankenson says, in a letter to Dr. Gray : "It grows in copses along creek flats 

 usually in alluvial soil here [Newark] and farther east along Clyde River in this 

 county and not in company with T. erectum but with such plants as Mertensia vir- 

 ginica. The ped. is ascending at first but as the flower gets older the petals become 

 revolute and the ped. horizontal stems stout, usually clustered 2-4, flower- 

 ing a little later than T. erectum or T. grandiflorum." The plant was formerly 

 considered to be a variety of T. erectum, but the time of flowering, the odor of the 

 flower, the habit, and the habitat are nearly the same as those of T. cernuum. The 

 T. erectum, var. declinatum, of the Cayuga Flora cannot now be identified.] 



2. T. erectum L. Purple Trillium. Birthroot. Bethroot. 



Damp banks and rich woodlands, in humus underlaid with more or less calcareous 

 gravels and loams ; frequent. May. 



In most of the ravines of the basin; Ellis Hollow; the McLean region; Venice; 

 rare or absent on the chestnut-vaccinium soils. 



E. Que. to Ont., southw. to Pa. and Tenn., and in the mts. to N. C. ; rare or absent 

 on the Coastal Plain. 



A form with greenish yellow corolla (forma albiflorum Hoffm., Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist. 36:244, 1922, the first name as "forma") occurs sporadically. 



3. T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. White Trillium. Wake Robin. 



Rich woodlands, if not too dry, in humus underlaid with more or less calcareous 

 gravels or loams ; very common. May. 



Extremely abundant in many ravines of the basin and in damp woodlands, and, 

 when in flower, appearing like white stars in the vistas between the trees. Perhaps 

 the most characteristic spring flower in this region. 



W. Que. and w. Vt. to Minn., southw. to N. C. and Mo. ; rare or absent on the 

 Coastal Plain. A plant of the rich lands of the interior. 



Monstrosities of various sorts are frequent. A very extensive series showing the 

 transformation of floral parts to leaves was obtained by W. C. Muenscher in Big 

 Gully in 1923. 



4. T. undulatum Willd. (7". erythrocarpum of Cayuga Fl.) Painted Trillium. 



Damp or dry woodlands about bogs and on hilltops, in gravelly noncalcareous soils ; 

 locally frequent. May. 



Swamps of Newfield, Spencer, Danby, Caroline, Dryden, Freeville, and McLean ; 

 Dryden-Lansing Swamp (D.) ; dry woods of the higher hilltops of Caroline, Danby, 

 and Newfield ; Duck Lake woods. 



E. Que to Ont. and Wis., southw. to Conn., Pa., and in the mts. to Ga. ; rare or 

 absent on the Coastal Plain. It is difficult to determine whether this plant is influenced 

 in its local distribution more by the cooler habitats of a northern range, or by the soil. 



18. Smilax (Tourn.) L. 



a. Stems herbaceous, unarmed ; flowers carrion-scented ; umbels large ; peduncles 

 4-20 cm. long; ovules 2 in each cell. 1. S. hcrbacca 



a. Stems woody, densely beset with black bristly prickles ; flowers not carrion-scented ; 

 umbels small; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; ovule solitary. 2. S. hispida 



