17S Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



2. Castanea (Tourn.) Hill 



1. C. dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (C. vulgaris, var. americana, of Cayuga Fl.) 

 Chestnut. 



Light well-drained acid or neutral soils ; common. July 5-20. 



Most abundant on the hills s. w., s., and s. e. of Ithaca; scarce in the richer soils 

 of the northern part of the basin ; absent in the McLean region. 



S. Me. to Ont. and Mich., southw. to Ga., Miss., and Ark., including parts of the 

 Coastal Plain. 



( Ine of the best and most accurate indicators of well-drained sandy or gravelly 

 acid soil. 



3. Quercus (Tourn.) L. 



a. Fruit maturing the first season; leaves with the lobes or teeth blunt, or with 

 bluntish mucronate tips, not bristle-tipped; styles wanting or nearly so; shell of 

 the acorn glabrous on the inner surface. 

 b. Leaves lyrate, or sinuate-pinnatitid, or somewhat irregularly lobed (sometimes 

 shallowly lobed or merely toothed). 

 c. Mature leaves glabrous beneath; scales of the cup not awned. 



1. Q. alba 

 c. Mature leaves pubescent or tomentose beneath ; cup with awned scales. 



2. Q. macrocarpa 



b. Leaves coarsely and regularly sinuate-dentate, or serrate (sometimes lobed in 

 nos. 4 and 5), pubescent beneath. 

 c. Leaves with rather sharply pointed teeth. 3. Q. Muhlenbergii 



c. Leaves with rounded or crenate teeth. 



d. Fruit sessile or very short-peduncled ; scales of cup not awned. 



4. Q. montana 

 d. Fruit long-peduncled ; upper scales of cup more or less awned. 



5. Q. bicolor 



a. Fruit maturing the second season ; leaves with the lobes or teeth sharp and bristle- 

 tipped ; styles long and spreading ; shell of the acorn tomentose on the inner 

 surface. 

 /;. Lobes of leaf 4-6 on each side, broadest at base; length of largest lobes less 

 than or equaling width of blade between bases of these lobes ; acorn large, 

 2-3 cm. long; cup flat, saucer-shaped. 6. Q. borcalis, 



var. maxima 



b. Lobes of leaf 2-A on each side, oblong, or broader toward distal end; length of 



largest lobes generally 2-several times width of blade between bases of these 



lobes; acorn smaller, 1.2-2 cm. long; cup deeper, hemispherical or top-shaped. 



c. Upper scales of cup pubescent, loosely imbricated, somewhat squarrose^ when 



dry; sinuses between leaf lobes mostly becoming much wider distally ; tomen- 



tum on under side of leaves tawny, more or less persistent or the leaves 



glabrescent ; winter buds large, angular, tomentose. 7. Q. velutina 



c. Upper scales of cup glabrate, often glabrous and shining, closely appressed ; 



sinuses between leaf lobes mostly of equal width throughout, or narrower 



distally; tomentum on under side of leaves whitish, early deciduous; winter 



buds small, rounded, nearly glabrous. 8. Q. coccinea 



1. Q. alba L. White Oak. 



Soils of various types, neutral or acid ; common. May 10-30. 



Very rare in the calcareous gravels of the McLean district. In the Cayuga Lake 

 Basin the species is apparently most abundant in the clays. 



S. Me. to Ont. and Minn., southw. to Fla. and Tex., including the Coastal Plain. 



