232 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



Giles Place" (D.) ; Fall Creek, near sand bank above Forest Home (E. H. Preswick, 

 D.). 



Ont. and Conn, to N. Y. and Pa. Native of Eu. 



19. Dentaria (Tourn.) L. 



a. Rootstocks continuous ; cauline leaves 2, subopposite ; leaflets ovate, coarsely 

 toothed; inflorescence glabrous. 1. D. diphylla 



a. Rootstocks moniliform; cauline leaves usually 3, subverticillate ; leaflets oblong- 

 linear or even narrower, incised or laciniate; inflorescence puberulent. 



2. D. laciniata 



1. D. diphylla Michx. Crinkleroot. Toothwort. Pepperroot. 



Ravines and rich woodlands, in moist humus underlaid with calcareous gravels or 

 loams, often in alluvium; frequent. May 1-25. 



Swamp w. of Key Hill; hillside, Larch Meadow; Negundo Woods; in nearly all 

 the ravines (D. !) ; Ellis Hollow; woods, McLean Bogs (£>.!). 



E. Que. to s. Ont. and Minn., southw. to S. C. and Ky. ; rare or absent on the 

 Coastal Plain. A plant of the interior mountain and glaciated belt. 



2. D. laciniata Muhl. Toothwort. Pepperroot. 



In situations similar to the preceding, but drier, in more gravelly and sandy soils ; 

 common. Apr. 20-May 20. 



Enfield Glen ; Inlet Valley, especially near Lick Brook and Negundo Woods ; Six 

 Mile Creek ; Fall Creek ; McKinneys to Esty ; Taughannock Gorge ; and elsewhere. 



W. Que. and Vt. to Minn., southw. to Fla. and La. ; rare on the Coastal Plain. 



Many plants of Dentaria differ in various ways from typical D. diphylla and D. 

 laciniata. These have been a constant source of difficulty to local botanists. Dudley 

 listed them under his D. laciniata, second and third forms, and under D. maxima. 

 Some of the specimens fall readily under D. maxima as delineated in Gray's Man., ed. 

 7, but others cannot be placed there with certainty. Field studies through many seasons 

 have led the authors to the belief that these plants are all of hybrid origin, with D. 

 diphylla and D. laciniata as parents. The leaf divisions vary in width between those of 

 the two parents, and the teeth are more incised than in D. diphylla but more crenate 

 than in D. laciniata. The leaves are usually three, as in D. laciniata. but alternate, as is 

 frequently the case in D. diphylla ; and the rootstocks are either moniliform, or 

 continuous, or intermediate between these two types. The inflorescence, though 

 usually glabrous, is occasionally hairy, as is also the .upper part of the stem. A 

 single colony of plants often contains several types representing various combinations 

 of the characters of typical D. diphylla and D. laciniata. P. maxima, therefore, does 

 not seem to be a true species. 



20. Cardamine (Tourn.) L. 



a. Leaves undivided ; base of stem and rootstocks tuberous-thickened ; perennials. 

 b. Flowers white; stem 1.5-5 dm. high, pubescent at base only, or glabrous. 



1. C. bulbosa 



b. Flowers tinged with purple, sometimes entirely white ; stem 1-2.5 dm. high, 

 more pubescent. la. C. b., var. purpurea 



a. Leaves pinnatifid; base of stem, rootstocks, and root slender. 



b. Flowers large, 10-15 mm. in diam., often tinged with pink; perennials. 



2. C. pratensis, var. palustris 

 b. Flowers small, 5 mm. in diam. or less; annuals or biennials. 



c. Leaves of 2-6 often broad segments, the terminal ones larger ; plants of wet 

 soil. 3. C. pennsylvanica 



^ c. Leaves of 5-S narrow segments, the terminal ones scarcely larger ; plants of 

 dry soil. 4. C. parviflora 



