The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 251 



Hybrids of this species with C. punctata were discovered by William Moore in 

 1909 in a pasture west of South Cortland crossroad and west of the railroad. Many 

 small trees were present exhibiting various combinations of the characters of these 

 two species, and the old parent tree of C. monogyna was near by. In 1920 the parent 

 tree and most of the hybrids had been cleared away. At the same locality in 1920 

 were found some small trees which could be interpreted only as hybrids of C. 

 monogyna and C. coccinea. 



2. C. Crus-galli L. Cockspur Thorn. 



Pastures and roadsides, in heavy or light, more or less calcareous, soils ; locally 

 common. May 25-June 10; fr. Sept. 20-Oct. 



E. side of Cayuga Lake from one mile n. of Hanshaw Schoolhouse {Win. Moore) 

 to Cayuga, and w. side of lake near Cayuga Lake Park ; frequent about Montezuma 

 and Cayuga Marshes ; Junius ; absent elsewhere. 



N. N. Y. to Ont. and Kans., southw. to Ga. (Eggleston) ; apparently frequent on 

 some parts of the Coastal Plain. 



Thorns from medium to very long ; flowers 16-18 mm. in diam. ; sepals subentire ; 

 disk 2.5-3 mm. in diam.; styles (1) 2-3; fruit 10-15 mm. in diam., subglobose, dull 

 crimson, the flesh juicy, often red. In the Cayuga Lake Basin this species occurs 

 only on the bed of the old Lake Iroquois and the later glacial lakes, where, as is well 

 known, many salt-loving plants occur. In New Jersey it is more common along the 

 coast than inland (Stone), and may be influenced in both regions by the salts in the 

 soil. Hybrids of this with other species are found on Hibiscus Point and Howland 

 Point. 



3. C. punctata Jacq. 



Damp pastures and thickets, most abundant along streams, in various heavy or 

 light, generally calcareous, soils ; very common. May 25-June 5 ; f r. Sept. 20-Oct. 



Que. to Minn., southw. to Pa., Ky., and Iowa (Eggleston). 



Pedicels stout, some short; flowers rather few, 15-25 mm. broad: sepals narrow, 

 subentire, reflexed ; disk cup-shaped, 3^1 mm. in diam. ; filaments slightly connate at 

 base; anthers of medium size; fruit 12-22 mm. in diam., oblong-oval, purplish green 

 or yellow, usually finely punctate; nutlets (2) 3 (4). This is the most abundant and 

 the most generally distributed species, and is easily recognized at a distance by the 

 characteristic horizontal gray branches. The period of flowering is between that of 

 C. Calpodendron and that of the earlier-flowering species. The plants vary greatly 

 in the depth of green color, the width and size of the leaf, the color of the fruit 

 which may be either purplish green or bright yellow, and the color of the anthers 

 which may be either deep purple or white. Further study may correlate these varia- 

 tions so that definite varieties may be formed. The red and the yellow fruits occur in 

 this region in the ratio of 5 to 1. No relation has been found between the white and 

 the purple anthers and the red and the yellow fruit. C. punctata apparently hybridizes 

 with other species, and forms interpreted as C. macrosperma x C. punctata are rather 

 abundant at Michigan Hollow and east of McLean. 



4. C. Margaretta Ashe. 



More or less calcareous gravels, or gravels and clay; scarce. May 10-30; fr. Sept.? 



Base of hill n. of Slaterville Swamp; Six Mile Creek; Cayuga Heights; Salmon 

 Creek valley ; and perhaps elsewhere. 



Range of this form of the species unknown. 



Leaves about as broad as long, bluntish ; flowers rather few, corymbose ; bracts 

 caducous ; fruit globular, hard, dull, greenish or reddish. True C. Margaretta Ashe 

 has a more western range. The plants here referred to that species have 3 styles 

 and about 10 stamens, and are at least varietally distinct. 



