262 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



/. Stems trailing; inflorescence corymbosely few-flowered, with leaf-like 

 bracts, not glandular; leaflets few-veined, broad and short, villous 

 only along the veins beneath. 8. R. flagellaris 



f. Stems arching ; inflorescence subcorymbose, with leaf -like bracts ; leaf- 

 lets villous throughout beneath. 9. R. frondosus 

 f. Stems erect or arching ; inflorescence racemosely many-flowered ; 

 bracts, except the lowermost, not leaf-like. 

 g. Inflorescence not glandular. 

 h. Leaves nearly or quite glabrous except on the veins beneath; canes 



almost or quite unarmed. 10. R. canadensis 



h. Leaves velvety beneath; canes prickly. 11. R. pcrgratus 



g. Inflorescence glandular; leaves velvety over the entire surface be- 

 neath; canes with stout, mostly hooked, prickles. 



12. R. allegheniensis 



1. R. odoratus L. Flowering Raspberry. 



Moist rocky or gravelly banks, in calcareous regions; common. June-July. 

 Most abundant in the ravines of the basin, and on the cliffs along Cayuga Lake ; 

 rare or absent in chestnut woods and in ericaceous regions. 



N. S. to Mich., southw. to Ga. and Tenn. ; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain. 



2. R. idaeus L. Red Raspberry. 



Roadsides and waste places, occasionally escaping from cultivation. 



2a. R. idaeus L., var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim. (See Rhodora 21:89. 1919. 

 R. i., var. aculeatissimus, of Gray's Man., ed. 7. R. strigosus of Cayuga Fl.) 

 Red Raspberry. 



Dry gravelly thickets, borders of woods, and swamps, in more or less calcareous 

 regions ; common. June. 



S. Newf. to B. C, southw. to Va., the Great Lakes, and Wyo. ; much less frequent 

 on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Found also in e. Asia. 



A form with yellowish white fruit (forma albus (Fuller) Fernald) has been found 

 at the McLean Bogs and in Cascadilla Glen. 



3. R. occidentalis L. Black Raspberry. Thimbleberry. 



Dry thickets, banks, and fence rows, in stony or clayey, neutral or subcalcareous, 

 soils, preferring heavier soils than the preceding; common. June. 



N. B. to s. Que. and Ont, southw. to Ga. and Mo., including the Coastal Plain. 



Plants answering to R. neglectus Peck are frequent. These differ in the maroon- 

 colored or purple fruits and the more setiform prickles, a combination of the char- 

 acters of R. occidentalis and R. idaeus, var. strigosus. These forms are probably of 

 hybrid origin, with the above-mentioned species as parents. 



4. R. pubescens Raf. (See Rhodora 11:236. 1909. R. triflorus of Gray's Man., 



ed. 7, and of Cayuga Fl.) 



Swampy woods and often on wet rocks, in calcareous regions ; frequent. May. 



Michigan Hollow Swamp ; near Key Hill ; lower Enfield Glen ; Buttermilk Glen ; 

 Caroline ; Ellis Hollow ; swamps of Dryden ; and elsewhere. 



Lab. to Alaska, southw. to n. N. J., Pa., Iowa, and Nebr. A distinctly northern 

 species. 



5. R. laciniatus Willd. 



Roadsides and thickets, in gravelly or sandy, rather rich, soils ; rare. July. 

 Roadside near Mud Pond, Conquest (L. H. MacDaniels & P. A. Munz). 

 Occasionally escaped from cultivation: N. Y., e. Pa., and Del. Origin not clear. 



