The Flora of the Cayuga Lake Basin 263 



6. R. hispidus L. 



Borders of thickets and swamps, in peaty acid soils ; frequent. June 25-July 25. 



Larch Meadow (£>.); South Hill Marsh (D.) ; Ringwood; Slaterville; Wood- 

 wardia Bog; McLean Bogs; Beaver Brook; Chicago Bog; Conquest; and else- 

 where. 



N. S. to s. w. Ont. and Minn., southw. to Ga. and Kans. ; common in the coastal 

 swamps. 



The fruit of this species is black, not red nor purple as frequently stated. 



7. R. jacens Blanchard. 



Borders of peat bogs; rare. June 20-July 15. 



McLean Bogs ; Chicago Bog. 



N. S. to N. H. and N. Y. 



Specimens from the above-named stations match very well those of R. jacens in 

 the Gray Herbarium. They have less acuminate leaflets on the sterile canes than 

 have R. vermontanus and R. setosus. They evidently belong to the group of 

 R. setosus Bigel. or R. nigricans Rydb., but this whole group should receive more 

 study. 



8. R. flagellars Willd. (R. villosus of Gray's Man., ed. 7, not Ait.(?). R. 



canadensis of Cayuga Fl., not L. R. procumbens of authors.) Dewberry. 



Dry sandy or gravelly banks, mostly in acid soils; frequent. June. 



South Hill, near the marsh ; Coy Glen ; Cornell and Cayuga Heights ; Renwick 

 slope; and elsewhere. 



Me. to Minn., southw. to Va., La., and Okla., and possibly also in other southern 

 States ; common on the Coastal Plain. 



Bailey's figure of Aiton's R. villosus (see Gentes Herb. 1, fasc. 4: 139, 1923) does 

 not resemble the local dewberry in foliage ; and since R. procumbens Muhl. is either a 

 nomen subnudum or a synonym of R. trivialis Michx., the only available name for this 

 species is R. flagellaris Willd. Bailey's figure of the type of R. flagellaris can scarcely 

 be other than the present plant. 



This species appears to hybridize freely with other species, especially with R. 

 allegheniensis. The commoner types are : ( 1 ) canes tall and erect, and flower 

 clusters elongated but not glandular ; (2) canes strongly arching, flower clusters 

 short-corymbose, leafy, nonglandular, and leaves coarsely toothed; (3), canes pros- 

 trate, and flower clusters corymbose. These forms usually have petals broader and 

 more erect than those of R. allegheniensis, resembling more those of R. flagellaris. 

 The fruits of forms 2 and 3, at least, have large drupelets as in R. flagellaris, and 

 these are frequently abortive to the extent of from 30 to 60 per cent. The under 

 surface of the leaves is usually villous in all forms, but the leaf outline, dentation, 

 and venation are highly variable. Less frequent individuals occur connecting these 

 forms by a recombination of characters. All circumstantial evidence points to these 

 various forms as hybrids of R. flagellaris and R. allegheniensis. No. 1 corresponds 

 closely to R. pergratus Blanchard ; no. 2 to R. frondosus Bigel. and R. recurvans 

 Blanchard ; and no. 3 to R. invisus Bailey, R. Baileyanus Britton, and R. villosus, 

 var. humifusus T. & G. In the last-named group particularly there is a great diversity 

 of form. Since no. 2 is so abundant and widely distributed in the flora as to throw 

 some doubt on its status as a hybrid, it is here provisionally included as a species 

 under the name R. frondosus. No. 1 also is provisionally recognized as a species. 



9. R. frondosus Bigel. (Including R. recurvans Blanchard.) 



Hillside pastures, especially about thickets, and around ravines, mostly in gravelly 

 soils ; common. June. 



Especially abundant about Buttermilk Glen and on the hillside from Renwick to 

 Esty. 



