298 Karl M. Wiegand and Arthur J. Eames 



variations are found in var. heterophylla. The pubescence on the lower surface of 

 the leaf is also highly variable, and on it several species have been founded. A 

 large quantity of local material has been collected and this point studied, but no true 

 specific lines have been found. The pubescence, though always close, fluctuates very 

 gradually in density, and no other correlated structual characters occur. It seems 

 better, therefore, to recognize this closely pubescent form simply as a variety. 



la. T. americana L., var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loudon. 



Usually in lighter and drier soils than the preceding ; frequent. July 12-30. 



In the Cayuga Lake Basin, apparently confined to the ravine crests and hilltops 

 s. of Ithaca. 



More southern : Conn, to Wis., and southw. ; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain. 



This is T. Michauxii and T. heterophylla of Gray's Man., ed. 7, and T. heterophylla 

 and its var. Michauxii of Sargent's treatment (see Bot. Gaz. 66:421. 1918). Sar- 

 gent's T. neglccta is transitional to typical T. americana. 



86. MALVACEAE (Mallow Family) 



a. Column of stamens anther-bearing only at top; carpels 10-20, separating from the 

 central axis in fruit. 

 b. Stigmas capitate ; involucre 20 none ; carpels 2-9-seeded, dehiscent ; flowers yel- 

 low; leaves velvety. 1. Abutilon 

 b. Stigmas occupying the inner face of the styles; carpels 1-seeded, indehiscent; 

 flowers white or pink; leaves not velvety. 

 c. Involucre of 3 bracts. 2. Malva 

 c. Involucre of 6-9 bracts. 3. Althaea 

 a. Column of stamens anther-bearing for a considerable part of its length, and 

 5-toothed at apex ; carpels not separating from the axis ; capsule 5-celled ; stigmas 

 capitate. 4. Hibiscus 



1. Abutilon (Tourn.) Mill. 

 1. A. Theophrasti Medic. {A. Avicennae of Cayuga Fl.) Velvet-Leaf. 



A weed in rich cultivated fields and waste places, in somewhat sandy soil ; infre- 

 quent. Aug.-Oct. 



Inlet Valley, near Strattons and near Lick Brook; Six Mile Creek (D.) ; Renwick 

 flats, w. of the Inlet ; near Coy Glen ; Levanna to Union Springs. 



Naturalized from India in all but the colder parts of N. A. 



2. Malva (Tourn.) L. 



a. Flowers axillary, fascicled ; leaves with shallow crenate lobes ; petals four times 

 as long as the calyx or less. 

 b. Petals as long or twice as long as the calyx; leaves bluntly lobed. 

 c. Stems procumbent ; leaves obscurely lobed ; plant biennial ; carpels smooth. 



1. M. rotundifolia 

 c. Stems erect, tall ; leaves more prominently 5-7-lobed, crisped ; plant annual ; 

 carpels rugose. [M. crispa] 



b. Petals two to four times as long as the calyx ; leaves sharply lobed ; carpels 

 rugose-reticulated. 2. M. sylvestris, 



var. mauretiana 

 a. Flowers clustered toward the ends of the branches ; leaves deeply lobed ; petals 

 six to eight times as long as the calyx. 3. M. moschata 



26 The term involucre is apparently appropriate here, not the term involucel as employed in 

 many texts. 



